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Title 1
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1688 Jun 30 |
A jury proclaimed 7 English bishops not guilty of seditious libel against James II. They had refused to comply with his April 27 Declaration of Indulgence because it had not been approved by Parliament. Links: Britain 
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1815 Jun 30 |
US naval hero Stephen Decatur ended attacks by Algerian pirates. Commodores Stephen Decatur and William Bainbridge conducted successful operations against the Barbary States of Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli. [See Aug 5] Links: Algeria
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1834 Jun 30 |
Congress passed the final Indian Intercourse Act. In addition to regulating relations between Indians living on Indian land and non-Indians, this final act identified an area known as "Indian country". This land was described as being "…all that part of the United States west of the Mississippi and not within the states of Missouri and Louisiana, or the territory of Arkansas…" This is the land that became known as Indian Territory. Oklahoma was declared Indian Territory. Links: USA, AmerIndian, Oklahoma
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1859 Jun 30 |
French acrobat Blondin (born Jean Francois Gravelet) crossed Niagara Falls on a tightrope as 5,000 spectators watched. Harry Colcord crossed over the Niagara Falls while strapped to the back of French tightrope walker Blondin. Links: USA, France, New York
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1894 Jun 30 |
Gavrilo Princip, Bosnian assassin (arch-duke Franz Ferdinand), was born. Links: Bosnia
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1906 Jun 30 |
The Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act became law. The meat inspection act was inspired by Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle. The large meatpackers supported the law because it put inspection costs on the government and imposed costly regulations on smaller competitors. Links: USA, Chicago, Food, Books
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1908 Jun 30 |
An explosion near the Tunguska River in Siberia incinerated some 300 sq. km. that encircled the impact of an estimated 60 meter diameter stony meteorite. It flattened some 40,000 trees over 900 sq. miles and caused damage equivalent to a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb. The explosion in Siberia, which knocked down trees in a 30-mile radius and struck people unconscious some 40 miles away, is believed by some scientists to be caused by a falling fragment from a meteorite. Links: Siberia, Meteor
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1911 Jun 30 |
Czeslaw Milosz (d.2004), Polish poet and critic and Nobel winner, was born in Lithuania. In 2001 his Polish "Milosz’s ABC’s" was published in English. Links: Poland, Lithuania, Writer
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1912 Jun 30 |
Belgian workers struck to demand universal suffrage. Links: Belgium
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1913 Jun 30 |
Fighting broke out between Bulgaria and her ex-allies Greece and Spain, bringing on the Second Balkan War. Links: Bulgaria
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1930 Jun 30 |
Lithuania held its 3rd national Song Festival with 200 choirs and 9000 singers to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the death of Vytautas the Great. Links: Lithuania
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1934 Jun 30 |
In San Francisco a group of men with sledgehammers and crowbars attacked the headquarters of the Western Worker, a Communist Party publication, near the Civic Center Plaza. They fled when men associated with the publication rushed out from a back room. Links: USA, Labor, SF
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1935 Jun 30 |
Fascists caused an uproar at the League of Nations when Haile Selassie of Ethiopia spoke. He also warned the League of Nations of the dangers of appeasement. Links: Ethiopia
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1936 Jun 30 |
Haile Selassie asked the League of Nations for sanctions against Italy. Links: Ethiopia
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1936 Jun 30 |
The Walsh-Healey Act was passed by the US congress, guaranteeing all US federal workers an 8-hour day and a 40-hour work week. Links: USA, Labor
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1940 Jun 30 |
"Brenda Starr," a cartoon strip by Dale Messick, a woman, appeared in a Chicago Tribune insert. In Dec, 2010, Tribune Media Services announced that it was ending the feature’s newspaper syndication. Links: USA, Chicago, Cartoons
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1941 Jun 30 |
Charles E. Hughes (1862-1948), Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court, retired. He expanded freedom of the press and ruled against some of FDR’s New Deal Legislation. Links: USA, Supreme Court
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1943 Jun 30 |
In Japan all stock exchanges were merged under the wartime conditions as the Japan Securities Exchange. This was dissolved after the war. Links: Japan
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1944 Jun 30 |
A US B-24H bomber nicknamed "Miss Fortune," which was returning from a mission in Germany to its base in Italy, flew into bad weather with 3 others and were shot down by German gunners over western Hungary. The remains of Staff Sgt. Martin F. Troy, the tail gunner on the “Miss Fortune,” were recovered in 2007. Links: USA, Germany, Hungary
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1948 Jun 30 |
Bell Labs introduced the point-contact transistor in the New York Times on p.46 as a replacement for the vacuum tube. Bell Labs had kept it secret for six months. John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley demonstrated their invention, the transistor, for the first time. John Pierce (d.2002) proposed the name. Transistors, much smaller than vacuum tubes, allowed the creation of smaller electronic devices and became a key component of the integrated circuit, which are found in everything from radios to computers to any of a number of automated systems. They were awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for the invention in 1956. William Schockley, co-developer of the transistor, founded Schockley Semiconductor Laboratory in Palo Alto. Two of his hires, Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore, later went on to start Intel Corp. Tim Jackson in 1998 published "Inside Intel." [see Dec 23, 1947] Links: USA, Technology
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1953 Jun 30 |
The first Corvette rolled off the Chevrolet assembly line in Flint, MI. The brainchild of designer Harvey J. Earl sold for $3,250. GM made 300 Corvettes in 1953 and moved production to St. Louis for 1954. Links: USA, NYC, Michigan, Cars
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1956 Jun 30 |
A United DC-7 and a TWA Lockheed Constellation collided during a thunderstorm over the Grand Canyon (Arizona) killing all 128 people. Links: USA, Air Crash, Arizona
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1960 Jun 30 |
Independence was granted to the Congo. A rebel movement freed the Belgian Congo from Belgium. In Zaire (Congo) Patrice Lumumba (1925-1961) became the first post-independence prime minister. He made Joseph Mobutu, a young military officer, his private secretary. Two months after he took power a sub-committee of the US National Security Council authorized the assassination of Lumumba. Links: CongoDRC
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1960 Jun 30 |
US stopped sugar imports from Cuba. Links: Cuba
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1961 Jun 30 |
Lee de Forest (87), inventor of the 3-element vacuum tube (1906), died. Links: USA, Inventor
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1963 Jun 30 |
Cardinal Montini was crowned as Pope Paul VI, the 262nd head of the Roman Catholic Church. Links: Vatican
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1966 Jun 30 |
Betty Friedan (1921-2006) and 27 other women and men founded the National Organization for Woman and served as its 1st president (1966-1970). Catherine S. East (1916-1996) persuaded Betty Friedan to found NOW. Links: USA, Women
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1968 Jun 30 |
The Lockheed C-5A Galaxy, a large US Air Force transport plane, made its first flight. Links: USA, Aviation, Air Force
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1970 Jun 30 |
IBM announced the System 370 computer. Links: USA, Computer
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1971 Jun 30 |
The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Pentagon Papers. On the same day Pres. Nixon told Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman to break into the Brookings Institute and bring out files collected on the Vietnam War. Links: USA, Vietnam, NixonR, Supreme Court
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1971 Jun 30 |
The 26th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified as Ohio became the 38th state to approve it. The amendment lowered the minimum voting age from 21 to 18. The amendment was authored by Senator Jennings Randolph (d.1998 at 96) of West Virginia. Links: USA, Ohio, West Virginia
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1971 Jun 30 |
A Soviet space mission ended in tragedy when three cosmonauts (Georgi Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev) aboard Soyuz 11 were found dead inside their spacecraft after it returned to Earth. Links: Russia, USSR, Space
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1974 Jun 30 |
Alberta King (b.1903), mother of Martin Luther King Jr., was assassinated in Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia by Marcus Chenault, a twenty-one year old from Ohio who claimed that "all Christians are my enemies." Links: GeorgiaUS, USA, Black History, Murder
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1977 Jun 30 |
President Jimmy Carter announced his opposition to the B-1 bomber. Links: USA, CarterJ
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1977 Jun 30 |
SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization), the regional defense organization created to protect members from communist expansionism, formally ended. The organization had been created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty on Sep. 8, 1954, in response to events in Korea and Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos). It members were Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Pakistan withdrew in 1968 and France withdrew financial support. SEATO had one final exercise on Feb. 20, 1976, formally ending a little over a year later. Links: Australia, Britain, USA, France, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, New Zealand, SEATO
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1981 Jun 30 |
Elections for the tenth Knesset were held in Israel. Despite last minute polls suggesting a victory for Shimon Peres' Alignment, Menachem Begin's Likud won by just one seat. Voter turnout was 77.8%. Links:
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1982 Jun 30 |
Federal Equal Rights Amendment failed with 3 states short of ratification. Links: USA, Women, Sociology
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1984 Jun 30 |
Lillian Hellman (b.1905), writer, died in Massachusetts. Her work included the play "The Little Foxes" (1939), and her memoirs "Scoundrel Time" (1976) and "Pentimento" (1973). The 1977 film "Julia" was based on a chapter from Pentimento which described Muriel Gardiner, an American medical student at the Univ. of Vienna active in anti-Nazi resistance. In 2005 Deborah Martinson authored “Lillian Hellman: A Life with Foxes and Scoundrels.” In 2012 Alice Kessler-Harris authored “A Difficult Woman: The Challenging Life and Times of Lillian Hellman.” Links: USA, Massachusetts, Writer, Biography
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1984 Jun 30 |
Hedayat Eslaminia, a former government official under the Shah of Iran, disappeared while living in exile in Belmont, Ca. The family had reportedly fled Iran with a fortune in 1978. Hedayat (57) suffocated and died in a steamer trunk. His son Reza (26), a member of the "Billionaire Boys Club," was later charged with the abduction and murder. Reza was convicted and sentenced to life. In 1992 Joe Hunt, head of the club, was also tried for the killing of Eslaminia, but a hung jury forced a mistrial. In 1998 Rexa's conviction was overturned based on unfair evidence and a new trial was scheduled. Arben Dosti’s conviction was reversed in 1998. A new trial was scheduled for Oct. in San Mateo. In 2000 charges against Reza Eslaminia were dismissed. Links: USA, California, Murder, SF Bay Area
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1984 Jun 30 |
John Turner, Liberal Party, was sworn in as Canada's 17th prime minister, succeeding Pierre Elliott Trudeau. Links: Canada
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1985 Jun 30 |
39 American hostages from a hijacked TWA jetliner were freed in Beirut after being held for 17 days. Links: USA, Lebanon, Hijacking
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1985 Jun 30 |
James A. Dewar, creator of the Twinkie (1930), died. Links: USA, Food
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1986 Jun 30 |
In a 5-4 decision the Supreme Court ruled that states could outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults. This upheld a Georgia law against sodomy. The nation's highest court effectively overturned this decision in 2003 in Lawrence v. Texas. Links: GeorgiaUS, USA, Gays, Supreme Court
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1986 Jun 30 |
In Ohio a fire at the Columbus Grove apartment complex killed 2-year-old Cynthia Collins. Ken Richey (18) acknowledged he was intoxicated that night and did not remember everything that happened. He agreed to plead no contest to charges accusing him of leaving the toddler in harm's way by failing to baby-sit the child after telling her mother that he would. He was sentenced to the 21 years. In 2008 Richey returned to Scotland. Links: USA, Ohio, Fire, Drunk
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1987 Jun 30 |
The prosecutor at the trial of Klaus Barbie in Lyon, France, denounced the crimes of the former Nazi Gestapo official and demanded the maximum sentence of life in prison. Barbie died in 1991 at age 77. Links: France, Nazi
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We offer additional services to help you as well including
tax attorney help with tax relief issues,
auto accident attorney services, and
sustainable development information to research going green!
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1987 Jun 30 |
Canada introduced a one dollar coin that was soon nicknamed the Loonie. Links:
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1988 Jun 30 |
Renegade Roman Catholic Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre consecrated four bishops in defiance of papal authority; the Vatican announced the excommunication of all five. Links: USA, Vatican
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1988 Jun 30 |
There was a surprising display of "glasnost" during a Soviet Communist Party conference as delegate Vladimir I. Melnikov bluntly criticized President Andrei A. Gromyko and other longtime Kremlin figures. Links: Russia, USSR
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1989 Jun 30 |
General Wojciech Jaruzelski announced he would not run for Poland's new presidency, saying the people viewed him as the man who imposed martial law. Links: Poland
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1989 Jun 30 |
In Sudan the elected coalition government was overthrown. Omar Hassan al-Bashir and Sheik Hassan al-Turabi, brother-in-law of Sadiq el-Mahdi, seized power. They imposed an Iranian style theocracy along with the strict Muslim Shariah law on the country including the Christian southern Sudan. The National Islamic Front (NIF), the political arm of the Muslim Brotherhood, backed the overthrow of a democratic government under PM Sadiq el-Mahdi and have ruled ever since. The Umma Party and the Democratic Union party established bases in Cairo and Eritrea and later allied with rebel groups that included the Southern People's Liberation Party. Links: Sudan
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1989 Jun 30 |
The NY State Legislature passed the Staten Island secession bill. Links: USA, New York, NYC
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1990 Jun 30 |
Harken Energy reported a $23 million 2nd quarter loss. George W. Bush was a director at Harken. Links: USA, Oil, Texas, BushGW
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1990 Jun 30 |
African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela visited Oakland, California, a day after receiving a star-studded welcome in Los Angeles. Links: USA, California, South Africa
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1990 Jun 30 |
Mary Cobb (d.1998) allegedly witnessed Maurice Caldwell pump shotgun blasts into a car that resulted in one death and one serious injury at the Alemany Housing Project. The mother of 2 children later reported the killing to investigating police and identified Caldwell who was convicted and sentenced to 34 years in prison. Mary Cobb died of lupus as age 37. In 2010 a judge ordered the conviction of Caldwell set aside following a signed declaration by Maritte Funches that he and accomplice Henry Martin were responsible. In 2011 Caldwell was released after prosecutors learned that evidence in the case had been destroyed. In 2012 Caldwell filed a federal civil rights suit against San Francisco. Links: USA, SF, Murder
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1991 Jun 30 |
The federal base-closing commission voted to shut down 17 military bases, including the massive Philadelphia Navy Shipyard, in addition to seven facilities ordered closed two days earlier. Links: USA, Pennsylvania
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1992 Jun 30 |
Planes loaded with food and medicine arrived at the airport in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, as part of an international relief effort. Links: Bosnia
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1992 Jun 30 |
Fidel Ramos was sworn in as the new president of the Philippines. Joseph Estrada was elected vice-president with twice as many votes in a separate race. Links: Philippines
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1993 Jun 30 |
US Agriculture Secretary Mike Espy promised federal help for Midwestern farmers as he toured flood-damaged areas of Iowa, South Dakota and Wisconsin. Links: USA, Wisconsin, Iowa, South Dakota, Agriculture, Flood
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1993 Jun 30 |
Actor George "Spanky" McFarland of "Our Gang" and "Little Rascals" fame died in Grapevine, Texas, at age 64. Links: USA, Filmstar, Texas
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1994 Jun 30 |
Pres. Clinton signed Public Law 103-270, the Independent Council Reauthorization Act. Links: USA, ClintonB
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