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22 Dec 1 |
Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs Yoshimasa Hayashi said Japan will use its turn next year in leadership roles at the G7 and the UN to pressure Russia to halt its war in Ukraine. Links: Russia, Ukraine, Japan, UN, G7 
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1895 Jan 2 |
Count Folke Bernadotte (d.1948), statesman (Red Cross, UN), was born in Sweden. Links: UN, Sweden
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1907 May 25 |
U Nu, premier Burma (1948-58, 1960-62), was born. Links: , UN
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1909 Jan 22 |
U Thant, Secretary General of United Nations General Assembly (1962-1972), was born in Burma. He played a major role in the Cuban crisis. Links: , UN
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1919 |
The Int’l. Labor Organization (ILO) was founded in the wake of WWI, to pursue a vision based on the premise that universal, lasting peace can be established only if it is based on social justice. The ILO became the first specialized agency of the UN in 1946. Links: UN, Labor
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1920 Apr 20 |
Balfour Declaration was recognized following a conference in San Remo, Italy. It was agreed that a mandate to Britain should be formally given by the League of Nations over an area, which in 2010 comprised Israel, Jordan and the Golan Heights, to be called the "Mandate of Palestine". The Balfour Declaration was to apply to the whole of the mandated territory. The doctrine was named after British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour, who had first articulated it as a policy on 2 November 1917. Links: Italy, Britain, UN, Israel, Palestine, Jordan
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1920 Oct 15 |
The Paris Conference on Passports & Customs Formalities and Through Tickets opened. The week-long event ending on Oct 21 was hosted by the League of Nations and set standards for passports. Links: France, UN
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1926 Sep 25 |
The Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery, an international treaty created under the auspices of the League of Nations, was first signed in Geneva to be effective March 9, 1927. Links: Switzerland, UN, Black History, Slavery
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1933 Feb 24 |
The League of Nations told the Japanese to pull out of Manchuria. Links: Japan, UN, Manchuria
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1933 Mar 27 |
Japan left the League of Nations. Links: Japan, UN
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1933 Oct 23 |
Germany withdrew from the League of Nations in light of the failure of the Germans to gain military parity with the Western powers. Links: Germany, UN
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1943 Oct |
The United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC) was established with a secretariat in London. Links: Britain, UN
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1946 Oct |
British destroyers hit mines off Albania's coast. The United Nations and the International Court of Justice condemned Albania. Links: Albania, UN, ICJ
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1946 Dec 12 |
A United Nations committee voted to accept a six-block tract of Manhattan real estate offered as a gift by John D. Rockefeller Jr. to be the site of U.N. headquarters. Links: UN, NYC, Donation
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1946 Dec 14 |
The United Nations General Assembly voted to establish the U.N. headquarters in New York City. The UN adopted a disarmament resolution prohibiting the A-Bomb. Links: USA, UN, NYC
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1946 |
The UN created a list of “non-self-governing” states. It consisted of territories reported as dependencies by colonial powers. By 2013 the list was reduced to just 16 territories officially on queue for decolonization. Links: UN
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1947 Sep 2 |
The Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (IACHR) was adopted by the original signatories in Rio de Janeiro (hence the colloquial name "Rio Treaty." It came into force on December 3, 1948, and was registered with the United Nations on December 20, 1948. Links: Brazil, UN
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1948 Apr 7 |
The World Health Organization (WHO) was founded by the UN. In 1948, the First World Health Assembly called for the creation of a "World Health Day" to mark the founding of the World Health Organization. Since 1950, World Health Day has been celebrated on the 7th of April annually. Links: UN, Medical, WHO
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1948 Sep 17 |
Count Folke Bernadotte (b.1895) of Sweden, the UN mediator for Palestine, was assassinated in Jerusalem by members of the extreme Zionist Stern Group. Yehoshua Zettler (d.2009 at 91), one of the founding members of the group, masterminded the assassination. Links: UN, Israel, Sweden, Assassin
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1948 Dec 9 |
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was approved by the UN General Assembly. It entered into force on Jan 12, 1951. Links: UN, Genocide
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1948 Dec 11 |
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194 was passed near the end of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The resolution expresses appreciation for the efforts of UN Envoy Folke Bernadotte after his assassination by members of the Stern Gang. It was later often quoted in support of the Palestinian right of return. Links: Germany, UN, Israel, Palestine
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1948 |
The UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) was established to observe the cease-fire following the war that followed Israel's creation. Links: UN, Israel
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1948 |
Richard Bolt and Leo Beranek, professors at MIT, established a small acoustics consulting firm and soon added a former student of Bolt’s, Robert Newman. In 1949 BBN won its first major consulting contract, designing the acoustics for the UN General Assembly Hall. In 2008 Leo Beranek authored “Riding the Waves: A Life in Sound, Science and Industry.” Links: USA, UN, Technology, Massachusetts, Internet
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1949 Dec |
The UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) was established to serve Palestinian Arabs after more than 750,000 Palestinians fled or were expelled during the 1948 war surrounding Israel's creation. By 2018 it was supplying aid to more than three million of the five million eligible Palestinian refugees in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and the Palestinian territories. Links: UN, Israel, Palestine
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1950 Nov 4 |
The European Convention on Human Rights was signed in Rome. 5 protocols were added later. Alleged violations were handled by the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, France. Links: France, UN
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1950 Dec 2 |
The UN voted 46-10 for Eritrea to be federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. Union was to be achieved September 15, 1952. Links: USA, UN, Ethiopia, Eritrea
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1951 Jul 28 |
The UN members adopted the Convention on Refugees. It was not signed by Indonesia. This was the founding charter for the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). It spelled out the entitlements of those who flee their country for fear of being killed or persecuted. A 1967 Protocol removed limitations to persons fleeing events occurring before 1 January 1951 and within Europe and thus gave the Convention universal coverage. Links: Indonesia, UN
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1952 |
The WHO began tracking influenza in member countries. Links: UN, Microbiology, WHO
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1956 Nov 2 |
The UN passed an American resolution, 64 to 5, for a ceasefire at the Suez Canal in Egypt. The General Assembly took up a Canadian suggestion for an emergency force to monitor the ceasefire. The UN Emergency Force (UNEF) became the first “blue hat” UN peacekeepers. Links: Canada, Britain, USA, France, UN, Egypt, Israel
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1957 |
Indar Jit Rikhye (1920-2007), UN peacekeeper from India, became chief of staff of UN forces along the Suez Canal. Prior to this each national liaison officer reported to their own governments. Links: India, UN, Egypt
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1959 Dec 9 |
A Memorandum of Understanding was signed in New York that established IRRI (Int’l. Rice Research Institute) “as an organization to do basic research on the rice plant and applied research on all phases of rice production, management, distribution and utilization.” Links: USA, UN, World Bank, Food
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1960 Jul 16 |
The 1st UN troops reached Congo to replace Belgian troops. Links: Belgium, UN, CongoDRC
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1961 Jan 17 |
Patrice Lumumba (34), the 1st premier Congo, was murdered after 67 days in office. President Eisenhower allegedly approved the assassination of Congo's Patrice Lumumba. The US and Joseph Mobutu were implicated but no conclusive proof has emerged. Sidney Gottlieb (d.1999 at 80), a CIA deputy, carried a deadly bacteria to the Congo that was used to kill Lamumba. In 2000 the Belgium Parliament opened an inquiry into possible government involvement in the killing of Congo’s Premier Patrice Lumumba. This followed allegations in the new book "The Murder of Lumumba" by Ludo De Witte. In 2001 the inquiry found that King Baudouin knew of the plot but did nothing to stop it. The Katanga government did not announce the death until Feb 13. Moscow charged that UN Sec. Gen. Dag Hammarskjold was involved. In 2002, Belgium admitted responsibility for its part in the killing. Links: Belgium, USA, UN, CIA, CongoDRC
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1961 Feb 11 |
A UN plebiscite resulted in the union of the southern part of British Cameroon with the Republic of Cameroun. By the end of 1963, the Foncha-led government made public its plan to dedicate the plebiscite day to its youth. This implied that October 26 will become obsolete, and that the Youth Day would henceforth be on February 11. Links: Britain, Cameroon, UN
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1961 Mar 30 |
The UN adopted its Single Convention on Narcotics Drugs. It included language that prohibited the chewing of coca leaves. It became effective on Dec 13, 1964. Links: Bolivia, UN, Drugs
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1961 Aug 30 |
A UN Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness opened for signatures. It entered into force on Dec 13, 1975. By 2007 only 34 countries had signed it. Links: UN, Sociology
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1961 Sep 18 |
Dag Hammarskjold, Secretary-General of the UN, was killed in a plane crash in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). He was flying to negotiate a cease-fire in the Congo. Hammarskjold was the son of a former Swedish prime minister. In 1953, he was elected to the top UN post and in 1957 was reelected. During his second term, he initiated and directed the United Nation's vigorous role in the Belgian Congo. Hammarskjold had sent Conor O’Brien (1919-2008), an Irish diplomat, to the Congo where a rebellion was openly being backed by Belgium and secretly by Britain and France. O’Brien ordered in UN troops, but the mission ended in disarray and the UN repudiated the mission. O’Brien recounted his version of the events in his book “To Katanga and Back” (1962). Links: UN, Air Crash, Sweden, Zambia, CongoDRC, Books
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1961 Dec 19 |
The UN General Assembly adopted Resolutions 1714 (XVI) for the formation of its World Food Program (WFP). Links: UN, Food
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1962 Feb |
The UN’s Intergovernmental Committee, the governing body of the World Food Program (WFP), held its first session. Addeke Boerma was appointed as WFP's first Executive Director in April. Links: UN, Food
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1962 Jul 1 |
Burundi gained independence from Belgium. The UN trust territory of Ruanda-Urundi in east-central Africa was divided into the independent nations of Rwanda and Burundi. Links: Belgium, Britain, Burundi, UN
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1962 |
The Int’l. Rice Research Institute (IRRI) released a dwarf variety called IR8. It soon transformed farming wherever water could be controlled and fertilizer delivered. Links: UN, World Bank, Food
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1964 Jun 15 |
The Group of 77 (G-77) was established by 77 developing countries signatories of the "Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries" issued at the end of the first session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in Geneva. Links: Switzerland, UN
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1964 Aug |
A US presidential commission on the future of Alcatraz Island in the SF Bay recommended a proposal by the American Association for the UN that the island be used as the site for a monument commemorating the founding of the UN and as a symbol of peace. Links: USA, UN, SF Bay Area
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1965 |
The UN added 4 non-permanent seats to the Security Council, bringing the total to 15. Links: UN
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1966 Dec 16 |
The UN General Assembly endorsed the Int’l. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). It came into force from March 23, 1976, and committed its parties to respect the civil and political rights of individuals. In 1992 the US Senate ratified the treaty but exempted itself from a provision that banned the execution of those under 18. Links: UN
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1966 Dec 16 |
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), a multilateral treaty, was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly and in force from 3 January 1976. It commits its parties to work toward the granting of economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCR). Links: UN
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1967 Jun 10 |
1967 Jun 10, Israel and Syria agreed to observe a United Nations-mediated cease-fire. Israel took Gaza and the Sinai from Egypt, Old Jerusalem and the West Bank from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. In 2002 Michael B. Oren authored "Six Days of War: June 1967 and the making of the Modern Middle East." Israeli military historian Arieh Yitzhaki later said that his research showed Israeli troops killed 300 Egyptian prisoners of war. Israel said soldiers on both sides committed atrocities. In 2007 Tom Segev authored “1967: Israel, the War and the Year that Transformed the Middle East.” Links: UN, Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Syria, Jordan
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1967 Oct 4 |
The UN Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees went into effect. The 1967 Protocol removed geographical and temporal restrictions from the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. Links: UN, Migrant
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1968 Jun 12 |
The UN General Assembly adopted a Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons effective as of Mar 5, 1970. It acknowledged that some countries had nuclear weap-ons and charged them the obligation of negotiating their elimination. This obligation was ex-pressed in stronger terms in 1996 by the Int’l. Court of Justice. It was opened for signatures on July 1, 1968. Links: UN, Nuclear, ICJ
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1968 |
World leaders proclaimed that individuals have a basic human right to determine freely and responsibly the number and timing of their children. This led to the annual UN celebration of World Population Day. Links: UN, Sociology
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1968 |
The International Comparison Program (ICP) was established to compare the economic outputs of countries. The ICP was established as a joint venture of the UN Statistical Division (UNSD) and the International Comparisons Unit of the University of Pennsylvania with financial contributions from the Ford Foundation and the World Bank. Links: UN, Pennsylvania, World Bank
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1970 Mar 17 |
The United States cast its first veto in the UN Security Council. The US killed a resolution that would have condemned Britain for failure to use force to overthrow the white-ruled government of Rhodesia. Links: Britain, USA, UN, Zimbabwe
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1970 Apr 2 |
The US registered 1967 UN amendments on the 1946 convention for the regulation of whaling. Links: USA, UN, Whales
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1970 Nov 20 |
UN General Assembly accepted membership of the People’s Republic of China. Links: China, UN
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1970 |
The UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property was set up to protect cultural heritage. Links: UN
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1971 Jul 15 |
Seventeen UN members requested that a question of the "Restoration of the lawful rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations" be placed on the provisional agenda of the twenty-sixth session of the UN General Assembly. Links: China, UN
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1971 Oct 25 |
The UN General Assembly voted to admit the People’s Republic of China and expel Nationalist China (Taiwan). Links: China, Taiwan, UN
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1971 Nov 23 |
The People's Republic of China was seated in the UN Security Council. The UN vote to admit was Oct 25. Links: China, UN
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1971 Dec 9 |
Ralph J. Bunche (b.1903), Detroit-born 1st black US diplomat and UN delegate, died In NYC. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950. Links: USA, UN, Nobel Prize, Black History, Michigan
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1971 Dec 22 |
The UN General Assembly voted to ratify the election of Kurt Waldheim (1918-2007) of Austria to succeed U Thant as the 4th Secretary-General. Links: Austria, UN
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