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Zaire
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1972 |
In Zaire (later Congo DRC) Joseph-Desire Mobutu (1930-1997) changed his name to Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa za Banga, which meant "the all-powerful warrior who, because of his inflexible will to win, will go from conquest to conquest leaving fire in his wake. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC 
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1978 Mar 17 |
In Zaire 13 opponents of Pres. Mobutu were executed. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1978 |
In Zaire another coup attempt was begun in the Shaba province. American and other foreign support helped Mobutu maintain control. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1978 |
In Zaire (later Congo) there was a separatist uprising in the southern Katanga province and at least 140 foreigners were massacred at the Kolwezi copper mine. Hundreds of Katangans also died. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1994 Apr 1994 Aug |
The Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) under Paul Kagame killed some 25-45,000 people during this period. They then pursued the genocidaires into Zaire where they killed some 200,000 more and in the process overthrew the government of Zaire. Links: Zaire, Rwanda, CongoDRC
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1996 Jul 25 |
In Burundi the military seized power and named former president Pierre Buyoya, a Tutsi, as president. Hutu officials sought refuge in foreign embassies. Burundian Hutus fled to Zaire's South Kivu province, base of the National Council for the Defense of Democracy, an extremist Burundi Hutu movement backed by Zaire. Links: Burundi, Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Jan 2 |
In Zaire rebel troops captured Pres. Seko’s 32,000 sq. mile Kilomoto gold mining region and the town of Mangbwalu. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Jan 6 |
In Zaire at least 100 lawmakers quit Pres. Seko’s parliamentary alliance to join a new nationalist group. Their goal appeared to be to topple Prime Minister Kengo wa Dondo. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Jan 9 |
From Zaire Pres. Seko returned to France, apparently for cancer treatments. Links: France, Zaire, CongoDRC, Cancer
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1997 Jan 24 |
A Zairean counteroffensive was supported by some 300 foreign mercenaries. About 400,000 Hutu refugees were trapped near regions of fighting and UN officials raised pleas for a truce to allow the refugees to move. Links: UN, Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Feb 17 |
In Zaire government forces used 3 fighter aircraft to bomb the rebel-held city of Bukavu. At least 6 civilians were killed and 20 injured. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Feb 18 |
The UN endorsed a 5-point peace plan for Zaire. Links: UN, Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Mar 14 |
In Zaire after a 3 week siege of Kisangani, rebels attacked the city, the 3rd largest in the country. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Mar 15 |
In Zaire rebel soldiers occupied Kisangani. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Mar 24 |
In Zaire Mobutu accepted the parliamentary vote of censure of prime minister Kengo wa Dondo. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Apr 1 |
In Zaire Etienne Tshisekedi was appointed prime minister. The next day he annulled the constitution, dissolved parliament and offered 6 Cabinet seats to the rebels. He planned a new transitional parliament and new multiparty elections. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Apr 4 |
In Zaire rebel forces captured Mbuji-Mayi, capital of Eastern Kasai province and home of Zaire’s diamond industry. Departing government troops looted the city and 100 people were killed in clashes between the retreating soldiers and locals. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Apr 5 |
In Zaire the rebels agreed to allow a UN airlift of some 80,000 Rwandan refugees back to their homeland. Links: UN, Zaire, Rwanda, CongoDRC
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1997 Apr 7 |
In Zaire deserting government soldiers of the 21st Brigade donned white scarves and declared themselves on the side of the rebels as the rebels approached Lubumbashi, the capital of the copper and cobalt rich Shaba province. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Apr 9 |
In Zaire Mobuto dismissed prime minister Etienne Tshisekedo and installed a military commander as prime minister. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Apr 24 |
In Zaire rebels were accused of having killed many refugees and burying them in a mass grave. Large amounts of airlift supplies intended to return Rwandan refugees were seized by rebels. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Apr 25 |
Angola was supporting Kabila’s rebels. The government of Zaire claimed that Angolan troops had invaded near Cabinda. Links: Angola, Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 May 2 |
In Zaire the Tenke Mining Corp. of Vancouver, Canada, signed a $250 million contract with the rebels to develop copper and cobalt deposits. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 May 4 |
In Zaire more than 100 [91] Rwandan refugees died on an overcrowded train after rebel troops packed them aboard for delivery to an airstrip for flights to Rwanda. Peace talks onboard the South African naval vessel Outeniqua between Pres. Mobutu and Laurent Kabila failed to produce anticipated results. Links: Zaire, South Africa, Rwanda, CongoDRC
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1997 May 5 |
In Zaire the rebels nationalized the Sizarail rail system, a consortium that belonged to South African, Belgian and Zairean interests. Links: Belgium, Zaire, South Africa, CongoDRC
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1997 May 6 |
In Zaire Pres. Mobutu Sese Seko left Zaire for a 3-day visit to Gabon. He was not expected to return. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC, Gabon
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1997 May 8 |
In Zaire rebels were meeting increased resistance from French mercenaries and Angolan UNITA forces. A shortage of cash was also hindering their advance on Kinshasa. Links: Angola, France, Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 May 10 |
In Zaire Pres. Mobutu returned to Kinshasa from Gabon. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC, Gabon
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1997 May 13 |
In the Congo rebel troops reached Wendji and Mbandaka and proceeded to kill Hutu refugees. Estimates of deaths varied from 550-2000. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 May 15 |
In the Congo in mid May Kabila’s soldiers were reported to have killed as many as 275 people in Uvira on Lake Tanganyika. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 May 16 |
In Zaire, President Mobutu Sese Seko ended 32 years of autocratic rule, giving control of the country to rebel forces. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 May 17 |
In Zaire rebel forces entered Kinshasa and Laurent Kabila declared himself president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kabila requested Swiss authorities to block Mobuto Sese Seko’s access to his Swiss villa. The house was seized and searched and documents were found that related to his wealth. The seizure was declared legal Aug 7. Links: Switzerland, Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 May |
~ Jun, Some 2,300 Rwanda civilians, mostly refugees from the former Zaire, were killed in operations by the Tutsi-led army against Hutu rebels. Links: Zaire, Rwanda, CongoDRC
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1997 Jun 26 |
In the Congo soldiers seized Etienne Tshisekedi after he gave a speech accusing the Kabila regime of establishing a new dictatorship. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Jun 27 |
In the Congo Etienne Tshisekedi was released. Links: Zaire, CongoDRC
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1997 Sep 7 |
Mobuto Sese Seko (66), former dictator of Zaire (CongoDRC), died of prostate cancer in exile in Rabat, Morocco. Mobutu began his career in the Belgian Congolese army, rising to the highest rank available to Africans, sergeant-major. However, after leaving the army in 1956, he began to be involved with the independence movement, representing the nationalists at some negotiations. Five years after independence, in 1965, Mobutu, then commander in chief of the army, exploited a power struggle in the young government by assuming the presidency in a coup. Mobutu managed to stay in power over the following decades despite uprisings, coup attempts and Angola-backed rebels. In the early 1970s, he began to Africanize names in the country, most notably changing the name of the country from the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the Republic of Zaire and his own name from Joseph-Désiré Mobutu to Mobutu Sese Seko Koko Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (which means "The all-powerful warrior who, because of his endurance and inflexible will to win, will go from conquest to conquest, leaving fire in his wake"). The end of the Cold War meant that, in 1991, Mobutu could no longer hold the same dictatorial control he had held over the country nor keep his party, the MPR, as the only legal political entity. With the beginnings of a multiparty system and a lack of Western finance, Mobutu released control of the government to the rebel leader Laurent Kabila in May 1997. Kabila‘s rebels—backed by Rwanda and Uganda—had been gaining ground over the past seven months. Mobutu died in exile several months later. In 2001 Michela Wrong authored ""In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu’s Congo." Links: Zaire, Morocco, CongoDRC
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