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Crusades
Crusades
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1080 |
The Knights of St. John (the Hospitallers) were founded in Jerusalem about this time to care for the sick. Links: Israel, Crusades 
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1130 |
The Knights of St. John (the Hospitallers) became a military order some 60 years after having been founded in Jerusalem to care for the sick. Links: Israel, Crusades
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1144 |
In Syria the Knights Hospitallers began expanding a fortress 90 miles northwest of Damascus. It became known as The Crac des Chevaliers. The Mamelukes captured it in 1271 and converted the chapel into a mosque. Links: Syria, Crusades
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1149 |
In Jerusalem the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, rebuilt by the Crusaders, was consecrated. Links: Israel, Palestine, Crusades
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1187 Jul 4 |
In the Battle of Hittin (Tiberias) Saladin defeated Reynaud of Chatillon. Salah al Din, who ruled from his imperial seat in ancient Syria, defeated Christian armies of the Crusaders and forced their retreat from the Holy Land. The battle was depicted in a mosaic that was found and restored for the palace of Pres, Hafez Assad of Syria. Saladin personally executed Crusader Reynaud of Chatillon (b.1124/5). Reynaud of Chatillon, Lord of Kerak, Jordan, had violated twice violated a tenuous truce and earlier this year attacked a caravan of pilgrims returning from Mecca. Links: Syria, Jordan, Crusades
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1192 |
The Order of the Teutonic Knights of St. Mary's Hospital in Jerusalem established their headquarters in Acre. Links: Israel, Crusades
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1244 Jul 11 |
The Khwarezmian Turks attacked Jerusalem. By August 23 they completely razed it and left it in ruins useless to both Christians and Muslims. Links: Iran, Israel, Palestine, Crusades
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1244 Aug 23 |
Khwarezmian Turks expelled the crusaders under Frederick II from Jerusalem. Jerusalem’s citadel, the Tower of David, surrendered. The Turks ruthlessly decimated the population, leaving only 2,000 people, Christians and Muslims, still living in the city. This attack triggered the Europeans to respond with the Seventh Crusade. Links: Iran, Israel, Palestine, Crusades
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1271 |
The Mamelukes under Sultan Baibars captured The Crac des Chevaliers in Syria and converted the chapel into a mosque. It had been held by the Knights Hospitallers since 1144. Links: Turkey, Syria, Crusades
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1291 May 18 |
Sultan of Egypt and his son took the last Christian stronghold of Acre. Egyptian Mamelukes (Mamluks) occupied Akko (Acre). The crusaders were driven out of Palestine. Khalil, al-Ashraf Salah ad-Din, the Mamluk King, conquered Akko and put an end to the Crusader’s rule in the Holy Land. Links: Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Crusades
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