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Colombia
Colombia
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6000 BC |
Researchers in 2007 reported that evidence for the use of chili peppers date back to this time in Ecuador. Botanists if general agreed that chili peppers originated in Bolivia. Evidence for early use was also found in the Bahamas, Colombia, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. Links: Bahamas, Bolivia, Panama, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Food, HistoryBC 
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200 BC 1700 |
200BC-1700CE The Tairona civilization thrived over this period. A city (Teyuna) later known as Ciudad Perdida (lost city) east of Santa Maria, Colombia, was established around 800. Its ruins were only rediscovered in 1972 and made public in 1975. Links: Colombia
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1524 Nov 14 |
Pizarro began his 1st great expedition near Colombia. Links: Colombia
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1533 |
Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) was founded by Spain and served as a major port for the trade of slaves, gold and cargo. Links: Colombia
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1536 |
A Spanish conquistador noted oil seeping in the countryside of Colombia. Links: Colombia
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1537 |
Popayan, Colombia, was founded. Links: Colombia
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1575 1625 |
Some of the U’wa tribe (Colombia), pushed up against the timber line at 12,000 feet, threw themselves off the Cliff of Truth rather than submitting to the Spanish conquistadors. Legend held that U’wa Indians led by Chief Guaiticu committed mass suicide to protest Spanish colonialism. A historical record was lacking. Links: Colombia, Suicide
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1575 1625 |
The Tairona civilization, coerced by the Spaniards to convert to Christianity, fled from their coastal settlements and moved to the mountains of Colombia. They were skilled masons, farmers, weavers and goldsmiths. They had established the city now known as Ciudad Perdida (lost city) east of Santa Maria in the 5th century BCE, whose ruins were only rediscovered in 1975. The indigenous Arhuaco, Assario, and Kogi Indians are thought to be their descendants. Links: Colombia
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1676 |
King Carlos II of Spain, having successfully outlawed a drink suspected of leading to homicides, inattentiveness at church and moral turpitude, warned his colonial rulers in Bogota of a drink "that is, beyond all comparison, more dangerous and which goes by the name of aguardiente." In 1988 Gilma Mora de Tovar's authored, "Aguardiente and Social Conflicts in 18th Century New Granada," Links: Colombia
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1700 |
The Spanish crown monopolized the aquardiente industry in Colombia. Links: Colombia
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1708 Jun 8 |
The Spanish galleon San Jose was trying to outrun a fleet of British warships off Colombia's coast, when a mysterious explosion sent it to the bottom of the sea with gold, silver, emeralds and 600 men. 14 men survived. In 1979 Sea Search signed a deal with Colombia giving Sea Search exclusive rights to search for the San Jose and 50 percent of whatever they find. In 1982 Sea Search announced to the world it had found the San Jose's resting place 700 feet below the water's surface, a few miles from the historic Caribbean port of Cartagena. In 1984 Colombian President Belisario Betancur signed a decree reducing Sea Search's share from 50% to a 5% "finder's fee." By 2007 the treasure was valued at more than $2 billion. In July, 2007, Colombia’s highest court ruled that the ship must first be recovered before an international dispute over the fortune can be settled. In 2007 Carla Rahn Phillips authored “The Treasure of San Jose: Death at Sea in the War of the Spanish Succession.” Links: Spain, Colombia, Britain, USA, Ship
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1741 Mar 4 |
English fleet under Admiral Ogle reached Cartagena, Colombia. Links: Colombia
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1741 |
Don Blas de Lezo, a one-eyed, one-handed, peg-legged castle defender, led the defense of Cartagena, Colombia, against British Adm. Edward Vernon. Lezo was mortally wounded in the battle. Links: Colombia
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1770 |
A monastery was built in Cartagena, Colombia, that served as the seat of the Inquisition Tribunal for Spain. It later became the Hotel Santa Clara. Links: Colombia
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1781 |
In Colombia the Comunero Revolt was the most serious revolt against Spanish authority before the war for independence. The most important uprising began among artisans and peasants in Socorro (in present day Santander Department). The imposition of new taxes by the viceroy stimulated the revolt further. Links: Spain, Colombia
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1783 Jul 24 |
Simon Bolivar (d.1830), was born in Caracas, Venezuela. He was a soldier and statesmen who led armies of liberation throughout much of South America, including Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Peru and Bolivia, which took its name from Bolivar. Bolivar, called "the Liberator," was a leader in Venezuela for struggles of national independence in South America. He formed a Gran Colombia that lasted 8 years but broke apart into Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. Bolivar died of tuberculosis. Links: Bolivia, Panama, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela
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1783 1830 |
Simon Bolivar, called "the Liberator," was a leader in Venezuela for struggles of national independence in South America. He formed a Gran Colombia that lasted 8 years but broke apart into Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. Links: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela
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1808 Sep 12 |
Jose Celestino Mutis (b.1732-1808), Spanish naturalist, died in Santa Fe de Bogote (Colombia). He spent 40 years on his unfinished work “Flora de Nueva Granada.” Links: Colombia
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1810 Jul 20 |
Colombia declared independence from Spain. Links: Colombia
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1819 Jan 17 |
Simon Bolivar the “liberator” proclaimed Colombia a republic. Links: Colombia
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1819 May 23 |
Bolivar’s revolutionary commanders met in the deserted village of Setenta, Venezuela, and planned a march across the Andes to attack Spanish forces in New Granada (Colombia). Links: Colombia, Venezuela
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1819 Aug 7 |
South American liberator Simon Bolivar defeated Spanish forces under Gen. Jose Barreiro in New Granada (Colombia) at the Battle of Boyaca. The revolutionary army entered Bogota Aug 10. Links: Colombia
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1822 May 24 |
At Battle of Pichincha, Bolivar secured the independence of Quito (Ecuador) from Spain. It formed Gran Colombia with Venezuela and Colombia. Links: Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela
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1822 Jul 26 |
Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin held a secret meeting in Colombia. Links: Colombia
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1828 Jun 13 |
Simon Bolivar (1783-1830) was proclaimed dictator (Colombia). Links: Colombia
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1828 |
The Republic of Gran Colombia fell apart due to political rivalries between its constituent provinces. Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela became independent countries. Links: Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela
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1830 Dec 17 |
Simon Bolivar (b.1783), called "the Liberator," died of TB in Santa Marta, in Colombia. He was a leader in Venezuela for struggles of national independence in South America. He formed a Gran Colombia that lasted 8 years, but broke apart into Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. In 2006 John Lynch authored “Simon Bolivar: A Life.” Links: Bolivia, Panama, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Biography
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1851 |
Slavery was abolished in Colombia. Links: Colombia, Slavery
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1854 |
Daniel Florence O’Leary (53), Irish-born personal secretary to Simon Bolivar, died in Bogota. After Bolivar’s death (1830) O’Leary served in a diplomatic capacity for the Venezuelan and British governments in Bogota. In 1879 his memoirs were published by his son. Links: Colombia
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1874 |
Laura Montoya (d.1949) was born in Colombia. She founded the Congregation of the Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Mary and was beatified in 2004. Links: Colombia
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1888 |
In Colorado Richard Wetherill and Charles Mason, cowboys looking for lost cattle, came upon the abandoned 150-room Cliff Palace of the Puebloan people, who had lived in the area from about 400-1300. In 1906 the area became Mesa Verde National Park. Links: Colombia, USA, AmerIndian
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1892 |
The Brown Palace Hotel opened in Denver, Colorado. Links: Colombia, USA
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1899 1902 |
The civil war known as the War of the Thousand Days took place in Colombia, beginning in1899 and ending in 1902. Some 100,000 of Colombia's four million people perished in the conflict, mostly from disease. Colombia had been plunged into bankruptcy and subsequent civil war in 1899 after three years of steep declines in world coffee prices. Links: Colombia
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1902 Sep 17 |
US troops were sent to Panama to keep train lines open over the isthmus as Panamanian nationals struggled for independence from Colombia. Links: Colombia
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1903 Jan |
The Hay-Herran Treaty with Columbia would have given the United States the land and the right to build a canal across Panama, but Columbia refused to ratify the treaty. Links: Colombia
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1903 Mar 14 |
The Senate ratified the Hay-Herran Treaty which guaranteed the US the right to build a canal at Panama. The treaty promised Colombia $10 million plus $250,000 annually for a zone 6 miles wide. Links: Colombia
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1904 Feb 3 |
Colombian troops clashed with US Marines in Panama. Links: Colombia
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1906 Jan 31 |
A magnitude 8.8 quake off the coast of Ecuador and Colombia. It generated a tsunami that killed at least 500 people. Links: Colombia, Ecuador, Earthquake
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1911 |
The El Tiempo newspaper was founded by Eduardo Santos. Santos later served as a president of Colombia. Links: Colombia
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1914 Apr 8 |
The US and Colombia signed a treaty concerning Panama Canal Zone. Links: Colombia
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1927 |
The Colombia coffee federation was set up to act as a buyer, marketer, technical advisor and banker to Colombia’s coffee farmers. Links: Colombia, Coffee
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1928 Mar 6 |
Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Columbian-born novelist and Nobel Prize winner (1982), was born. In 2009 Gerald martin authored “Gabriel Garcia Marquez: A Life.” Links: Colombia, Writer
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1933 |
In Colombia the Palacio de San Francisco, begun in 1918, was completed in La Candelaria, the historic section of Bogota. Links: Colombia
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1935 Jun 24 |
Carlos Gardel, Argentine tango singer, died with 17 others, including three of his guitarists, when the propeller plane they were traveling in collided with another on takeoff from Medellin, Colombia, and burst into flames. Links: Argentina, Colombia
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1939 |
In Colombia the Museo de Oro (Museum of Gold) opened in Bogota. Links: Colombia, Museums
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1948 Apr 9 |
In Colombia politician Jorge Eliecer Gaitan Ayala (b.1903) was assassinated during his 2nd presidential campaign. Links: Colombia
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1948 1958 |
This period in Colombia is known as “La Violencia.” Over 200,000 people were killed in massacres by the 2 rival parties, the Conservatives and the Liberals. Links: Colombia
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1948 |
Peruvian politician Victor Raul de la Torre, following the rise of a dictator, found refuge in a Colombian embassy in Lima for 6 years as army tanks surrounded the building. Links: Peru, Colombia
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1949 |
Pedro Antonio Marin (aka Manuel Marulanda) took up arms after Colombia’s Conservative Party henchmen began slaughtering supporters of the peasant-backed Liberal Party. Links: Colombia
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1949 |
Mother Laura Montoya (b1874), teacher and spiritual mother to Colombia's indigenous peoples, died. In 1914, she and five other women set out on horseback into forests for their mission. They made up the core of a new religious order, the Congregation of Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Virgin. By 2013 the Sisters worked in 21 nations. In 2013 she was canonized as a saint by Pope Francis. Links: Colombia, Vatican, Saint
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1953 Jun 13 |
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla (1900-1975) began serving president of Colombia and continued to 1957. Links: Colombia
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1953 |
In Colombia a domestic spy agency was created during the government of Gen. Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. In 1960 it reconstructed as the DAS by President Alberto Lleras Camargo. Links: Colombia, Explorer
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1954 |
In Colombia fewer than 24,000 people, 3% of landowners, held 55% of all farmland. Links: Colombia, Agriculture, Real Estate
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1956 Jul 7 |
Seven Army trucks loaded with dynamite exploded in middle of Cali, Columbia, killing 1,100-1,200. 2000 buildings were destroyed. Links: Colombia
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1957 May 10 |
Gabriel París Gordillo (1910-2008) began serving as President of Colombia and as Chairman of the Colombian Military Junta Government following the 1957 Coup d'état. He was succeeded in August, 1958, by Alberto Lleras Camargo. Links: Colombia
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1958 Aug 7 |
Alberto Lleras Camargo (1906-1990) began serving as President of Colombia and continued to August 7, 1962. Links: Colombia
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1958 |
Colombian Dr. Alberto Vejarano Laverde and engineer Jorge Reynolds Pombo developed the first artificial pacemaker with internal electrodes and external electronic unit and implanted it into Gerardo Florez (70), a priest from Ecuador, who then lived another 18 years. Links: Colombia, Ecuador, Medical, BioTech, Heart
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1960 |
Colombia’s a domestic spy agency, created in 1953, was reconstructed as the DAS by President Alberto Lleras Camargo. Links: Colombia, Espionage
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1962 Aug 23 |
A Colombian DC-3 plane crashed in the Choco jungle killing over 30 people including two Americans, the first Peace Corps volunteers to die in service. Links: Colombia, USA, Air Crash
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1962 Dec |
In Paraguay army captain Napoleon Ortigoza was imprisoned by Alfredo Stroessner's security apparatus on charges of conspiring to topple the right-wing military strongman. He spent the first 18 years of confinement chained in a police holding cell and later escaped house arrest and made his way to the Colombian embassy. Links: Colombia, Paraguay
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