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Jupiter
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1226 Mar 4 |
Jupiter and Saturn appeared as one bright planet in the night sky. This did not happen again until Dec 21, 2020. Links: Saturn, Astronomy, Jupiter 
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1623 Jul 16 |
A conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn was virtually impossible to see on Earth because of its apparent position near the sun. Links: Saturn, Astronomy, Jupiter
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1973 Dec 3 |
Pioneer 10 passed Jupiter in the 1st fly-by of an outer planet. Links: USA, NASA, Jupiter
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1974 Dec 4 |
Pioneer II made its closest approach to Jupiter. Links: NASA, Space, Jupiter
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1977 Aug 20 |
The United States launched Voyager 2, an unmanned spacecraft carrying a 12-inch copper phonograph record containing greetings in dozens of languages, samples of music and sounds of nature. It was scheduled to pass Jupiter and Saturn. Links: USA, NASA, Saturn, Jupiter, Language
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1979 Mar 4 |
The US Voyager I obtained the first image of Jupiter's rings. Links: USA, NASA, Jupiter
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1979 Mar 5 |
Voyager I made its closest approach to Jupiter (128,400 miles). Links: USA, NASA, Jupiter
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1979 Jul 9 |
Voyager II made its closest approach to Jupiter. Both Voyager I and II probes spotted volcanoes erupting on the Jupiter’s moon, Io. Links: USA, NASA, Space, Jupiter
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1989 Oct 18 |
The space shuttle Atlantis was launched on a five-day mission that included deployment of the Galileo space probe on a course for Jupiter. Links: USA, NASA, Space, Jupiter
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1994 Jul 16 |
The first of 21 pieces of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 slammed into Jupiter. The comet was initially discovered by astronomer Eugene Shoemaker (d.1997 at 69). Links: Comet, Jupiter
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1994 Jul 17 |
Fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy continued to smash into Jupiter, sending up towering fireballs. Links: Comet, Jupiter
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1995 Dec 7 |
A 746-pound probe from the Galileo spacecraft hurtled into Jupiter's atmosphere, sending back data to the mothership before it was presumably destroyed. Links: NASA, Jupiter
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1996 Jun 26 |
The $1.6 billion Galileo spacecraft was expected to fly to within 527 miles of Ganymede, the largest moon of Jupiter. It was scheduled to photograph Jupiter and four of its 16 moons. Links: NASA, Jupiter
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1996 Dec 12 |
Scientists announced that the Jovian moon, Ganymede, possesses a strong magnetic field due to a molten core. Its outer layer solid ice was said to measure some 500 miles thickness. Links: Jupiter
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1997 Apr 9 |
New images of Jupiter’s moon Europa confirmed the 1996 revealed surface of massive icebergs floating on an ocean more than 50 miles deep. Links: Jupiter
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1997 Dec 16 |
The Galileo spacecraft flew to within 124 miles of the surface and recorded images of Europa. Volcanic ice flows implicated a vast ocean below the surface. Giant lightning bolts on Jupiter, a hundred times more powerful that those on Earth, were reported via the spacecraft and it indicated a magnetic field around Ganymede. It also indicated an atmosphere of hydrogen and carbon dioxide around Callisto. Metallic cores inside Io, Ganymede and Europa and the lack of a similar core inside Callisto was also indicated. Links: NASA, Space, Jupiter
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2001 Aug 5 |
The spacecraft Galileo flew as close as 120 miles above Io’s north pole and captured wisps of volcanic gas largely composed of sulfur dioxide. Links: NASA, Space, Jupiter
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2003 Apr 4 |
Six more moons were reported to have been found orbiting Jupiter, pushing to 58 the total number of known natural satellites of the solar system's largest planet. Links: Jupiter
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2003 May 15 |
Scott S. Sheppard of the Univ. of Hawaii reported 43 more moons around Jupiter and said he expects to find 50 more. The total number of Jupiter moons reached 80. Links: Astronomy, Jupiter
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2003 Sep 21 |
NASA’s $1.5 billion Galileo mission ended a 14-year exploration of the solar system's largest planet and its moons with the spacecraft crashing by design into Jupiter at 108,000 mph. Links: NASA, Space, Jupiter
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2009 Jul 19 |
An amateur astronomer in Australia detected a new scar on Jupiter that covered some 73 million square miles, a larger area than the Pacific ocean. Links: Australia, Astronomy, Jupiter
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2011 Aug 5 |
In Florida NASA launched an unmanned Atlas rocket carrying a sun-powered robotic explorer named Juno into space on a 5-year mission to Jupiter. Links: USA, NASA, Florida, Jupiter
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2016 Jul 5 |
NASA celebrated a key triumph as its $1.1 billion Juno spacecraft successfully slipped into orbit around Jupiter on a mission to probe the origin of the solar system. Links: USA, NASA, Jupiter
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2018 Jul 17 |
Astronomers confirmed that the moon count for Jupiter has reached 79. Links: Jupiter
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2020 Dec 21 |
Jupiter and Saturn appeared as one bright planet in the night sky. The last time they came this visibly close to each other was in the year 1226. Links: Saturn, Astronomy, Jupiter
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2021 Jul 23 |
NASA said Elon Musk's private rocket company SpaceX has been awarded a $178 million launch services contract for NASA's first mission focusing on Jupiter's icy moon Europa and whether it may host conditions suitable for life. Links: USA, NASA, Jupiter
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2021 Oct 16 |
NASA launched a first-of-its kind mission to study Jupiter's Trojan asteroids, two large clusters of space rocks that scientists believe are remnants of primordial material that formed the solar system's outer planets. The space probe, dubbed Lucy and packed inside a special cargo capsule, lifted off on schedule from Florida's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. A solar panel jammed soon after launch. Links: USA, NASA, Jupiter
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