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1809 Feb 12
Abraham Lincoln, 16th president of the US, was born in Hardin County (present-day Larue County), Kentucky. Lincoln was president of the United States during one of the most turbulent times in American history. Although roundly criticized during his own time, he is recognized as one of history's greatest figures who preserved the Union during the Civil War and proved that democracy could be a lasting form of government. Lincoln entered national politics as a Whig congressman from Illinois, but he lost his seat after one term due to his unpopular position on the Mexican War and the extension of slavery into the territories. The 1858 Lincoln-Douglas debates for the Senate gave him a national reputation. In 1860, Lincoln became the first president elected from the new Republican Party. Abraham Lincoln was fatally shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865. In 1996 a new biography of Abraham Lincoln by David Donald was published.
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1854 Oct 16
Abraham Lincoln delivered a speech in Peoria, Ill., part of a series against legislation proposed by Sen. Stephen Douglas that would allow settlers to decide the status of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska. In 2008 Lewis E. Lehrman authored “Lincoln at Peoria: The Turning Point.”
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1858 Aug 27
The 2nd of 7 of the Lincoln-Douglas debates in the 1858 Illinois senatorial race of took place in Freeport, Ill. Stephen Douglas formulated what became known as the Freeport Doctrine, which stated that the people of a territory could, by lawful means, exclude slavery prior to the formulation of a state constitution. Douglas first pronounced it in response to a question posed by Lincoln as to how Douglas could reconcile the doctrine of "popular sovereignty" with the Dred Scott decision.
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1858 Oct 7
Lincoln and Douglas held their 5th debate in Galesburg, Ill., on the Knox College campus.
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1858 Oct 15
The 7th and last of the Lincoln-Douglas debates took place in Alton, Ill.
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1858 Nov 2
In Illinois Abraham Lincoln won 4,085 more popular votes for the Senate than did Sen. Stephen Douglas; however Illinois senators were elected by the state legislatures and Douglas won reelection there by 8 votes.
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1860 May 18
The Republican Convention in Chicago nominated Abraham Lincoln for US president and Senator Hannibal Hamlin of Maine as Vice President. Other presidential candidates included William Seward and Salmon Chase.
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1860 Nov 6
Former Illinois congressman Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 16th US president. He defeated three other candidates, John Breckinridge, John Bell and Stephen Douglas. He won the US presidential elections with a majority of the electoral votes in a 4-way race. Lincoln became the first president elected from the new Republican Party. Following his election South Carolina seceded from the Union followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. Hannibal Hamlin was his vice-president. Lincoln was fatally shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865. In 1996 a new biography of Abraham Lincoln by David Donald was published.
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1861 Jan 25
Pres. Lincoln picked Ferdinand Schavers, a black man, as his first bodyguard.
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1861 Feb 13
Abraham Lincoln was declared president.
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1861 Feb 23
President-elect Lincoln arrived secretly in Washington to take office after a suspected assassination plot was foiled in Baltimore. Allan Pinkerton, founder of the Pinkerton Detective Agency, may have saved Abraham Lincoln’s life by suspecting a plot to assassinate the president-elect in Baltimore, Md. At the detective’s suggestion, Lincoln avoided the threat by secretly slipping through the city at night. A few months later, Pinkerton joined Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan’s staff as chief intelligence officer. Using the name "Major Allen," the private detective remained with McClellan until late 1862, catching southern spies and running an espionage network in Confederate territory.
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1861 Mar 5
Pres. Lincoln appointed William H. Seward as his Sec. of State. Seward served until March 4, 1869.
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1861 Apr 14
Winfield Scott, US general-in-chief, met with Pres. Lincoln and his cabinet to plan a response to the surrender of Fort Sumter. They decided to enlarge the 17,000 member US army and raise 75,000 new volunteers to suppress the rebellion.
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1861 Apr 19
President Lincoln ordered the blockade of Confederate ports.
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1861 May 16
Pres. Lincoln commissioned Benjamin F. Butler, a Massachusetts politician, as a major general of volunteers in the US Army.
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1861 Aug 30
Union General John Fremont declared martial law throughout Missouri and made his own emancipation proclamation to free slaves in the state. However, Fremont’s order was countermanded days later by President Lincoln. Fremont was soon relieved of command after refusing Lincoln’s order to rescind his proclamation and adhere to the terms of the August 6 Confiscation Act.
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1861 Dec 3
In his first annual message Lincoln argued that "labor is prior to, and independent of capital. Capital is the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if labor had not first existed..."
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1861 Dec 21
Pres. Lincoln signed legislation establishing the Medal of Honor. The medal was first authorized for Sailors and Marines, and the following year for Soldiers as well.
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1861
Thailand's King Mongkut offered to send a pair of elephants to the United States as a gift of the friendship between the two countries. President Abraham Lincoln politely declined.
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1862 Mar 6
Pres. Lincoln proposed to Congress a revised plan of compensated emancipation for slave-owners in the District of Columbia and the border states.
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1862 Mar 11
Pres. Lincoln suspended General George McClellan from command of all the Union armies so that McClellan could concentrate on the Army of the Potomac and Richmond.
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1862 Jun 19
Slavery was outlawed in US territories. President Abraham Lincoln outlined his Emancipation Proclamation. On June 19, 1865 General Gordon Granger informed Texas slaves that they were free.
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1862 Jul 1
The US Congress outlawed polygamy for the 1st time. The Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act, signed by Pres. Lincoln, made polygamy illegal in American territories. It led to the prosecution of over 1300 Mormons. It also granted large tracts of public land to the states with the directive to sell for the support of institutions teaching the mechanical and agricultural arts. It also obligated state male university students to military training. The education initiative resulted in 68 land-grant colleges.
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1862 Jul 1
Pres. Lincoln signed the Pacific Railway Act.
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1862 Jul 2
Pres. Abraham Lincoln signed an act granting land for state agricultural colleges. The Morrill Act allowed for the transfer and sale of federal lands to colleges to help establish their campus, or bolster an existing one. But many millions of those acres were actually confiscated from Native American tribes.
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1862 Sep
Pres. Lincoln warned the South that he would free all slaves in Southern territory if the rebellion continued. Unlike some others, Lincoln always promoted a voluntary colonization, rather than forcing blacks to leave. In 2011 the book "Colonization After Emancipation," by Philip Magness and Sebastian Page made the case that Lincoln was even more committed to colonizing blacks than previously known.
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1862 Nov 5
President Abraham Lincoln relieved General George McClellan of command of the Union Army of the Potomac and named Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside commander of the Army of the Potomac.
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1862 Dec 1
President Lincoln gave the State of the Union message to the 37th Congress. “The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present… As our case is new, so we must think anew, and act anew. We must disenthrall ourselves.”
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1862 Dec 17
Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant issued General Order No. 11 designed to combat a Civil War black market in cotton. Grant believed the trade was run primarily by Jewish traders and ordered Jews expelled in his military district. Pres. Lincoln rescinded the order on Jan. 4, 1863. In 2012 Jonathan D. Sarna authored “When General Grant Expelled the Jews.”
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1862
Pres. Lincoln spoke to a White House audience of free blacks, urging them to leave the US and settle in Central America.
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1863 Mar 2
The US Congress passed the False Claims Act to protect the government from being ripped off by suppliers outfitting the Union army. It is often referred to as the "Lincoln Law,” because it was passed under the administration of President Abraham Lincoln.
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1863 Mar 3
Abraham Lincoln approved a charter for National Academy of Sciences.
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1863 Apr 24
The Lieber code, also known as Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field, General Order № 100, was signed by Pres. Abraham Lincoln. It was named after the German-American jurist and political philosopher Francis Lieber and dictated how soldiers should conduct themselves in war time. It set a new norm of respect for private property.
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1863 Aug 3
Horatio Seymour (1810-1886), two-time governor of NY (1853-54 and 1863-64), asked Pres. Lincoln to suspend the draft in NY.
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1863
Pres. Lincoln granted a British agent permission to recruit volunteers for a Belize colony.
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1863
Abraham Lincoln sent 450 newly freed slaves to Haiti’s Ile-à-Vache to found a colony, though most gave up and returned home a year later.
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1864 Dec 22
During the Civil War, Gen’l. Sherman telegraphed Pres. Lincoln from Georgia, saying: "I beg to present to you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah with 150 guns and plenty of ammunition." In 2008 Noah Andre Trudeau authored “Southern Storm: Sherman’s March to the Sea.”
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1865 Mar 4
President Lincoln was inaugurated for his 2nd term as President. It was held at the Patent Office, the site of a military hospital. Four companies of African-American troops and lodges of African-American Masons and African-American Odd-Fellows joined the procession to the Capitol.
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1865 Apr 14
On the evening of Good Friday, just after 10 p.m., Pres. Lincoln was shot and mortally wounded by John Wilkes Booth while attending the comedy "Our American Cousin" at Ford's Theater in Washington DC. Southern sympathizer John Wilkes Booth burst into the presidential box and shot Lincoln behind the ear. Booth shouted out “sic semper tyrannis” (thus always to tyrants), Virginia’s state motto, after shooting Pres. Lincoln. He leaped to the stage, breaking his left leg on impact, and escaped through a side door. Lincoln was carried to a nearby house where he remained unconscious until his death at 7:22 the following morning. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, who had kept vigil at Lincoln's bedside, said, "Now he belongs to the ages." As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master. This expresses my idea of democracy.”
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1865 Apr 15
President Lincoln died, several hours after he was shot at Ford’s Theater in Washington by John Wilkes Booth. Andrew Johnson, Vice-President under Lincoln, became the 17th President (1865-1869) of the US upon the assassination. The first Mourning Stamp was issued after his assassination, a 15-cent black commemorative. In 1999 Allen C. Guelzo authored "Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President," an intellectual biography. In 2002 William Lee Miller authored "Lincoln’s Virtues: An Ethical Biography." In 2004 Ronald C. White Jr. authored “The Eloquent President.” In 2005 Doris Kearns Goodwin authored “Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln.” In 2006 Douglas L. Wilson authored “Lincoln’s Sword: The Presidency and the Power of Woods.”
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1865 Apr 26
John Wilkes Booth (27) was tracked to a Virginia farm near Bowling Green, and shot in the neck by federal troops when he tried to escape from a burning barn. At some time prior to this Booth’s leg was operated on by Dr. Samuel Mudd, ancestor of news commentator Roger Mudd, who obtained a presidential pardon for Dr. Mudd’s financial ruin. Dr. Mudd served time at the Fort Jefferson Prison in the Dry Tortugas. [see Apr 27]
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1865 Apr 27
John Wilkes Booth was killed by Federal Cavalry in Virginia. In 2006 James L. Swanson authored “Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln’s Killer. [see Apr 26]
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1865
Pres. Lincoln authorized Clara Barton to organize a volunteer group to locate Union soldiers who had gone missing in action. The team of unpaid assistants managed to discover the fates of over 20,000 missing men, many who had died as prisoners of war.
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1922 May 30
The Lincoln Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C., by Chief Justice William Howard Taft. The Memorial has 48 sculptured festoons above the columns representing the number of states at the time of dedication. The 36 Doric columns in the Lincoln Memorial represent the number of states in the Union at the time of Lincoln’s death in 1865. The limestone and marble edifice, which is situated at the western end of the Mall, was designed by Henry Bacon of North Carolina in the style of a Greek temple. Daniel Chester French co-designed the memorial with Bacon.
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2004
Daniel Mark Epstein authored "Lincoln and Whitman."
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2005
Doris Kearns Goodwin authored “Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln.” It inspired the 2012 film “Lincoln.”
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2009 Feb 12
The first of four new pennies chronicling Abraham Lincoln's rise from a small Kentucky cabin went into circulation to honor the 16th president's 200th birthday.
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2014
Joshua Zeitz authored “Lincoln’s Boys: John Hay, John Nicolay, and the War for Lincoln’s Image.”
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2020 Dec 29
In Massachusetts workers removed a statue of Abraham Lincoln with a freed slave appearing to kneel at his feet, optics that drew objections amid a national reckoning with racial injustice, from its perch in downtown Boston, where it had stood since 1879.
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