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RooseveltF
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1903 Mar 3 |
President Theodore Roosevelt signed into law the Immigration Act of 1903, one day after its passage in Congress. Links: USA, RooseveltF, Migrant 
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1914 Aug 17 |
Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr., son of FDR, (Rep-D-NY, 1949-55), was born. Links: USA, RooseveltF
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1932 |
The Milton Ager and Jack Yellen song “Happy Days Are Here Again” was used as the campaign song for the election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Links: USA, Pop&Rock, RooseveltF
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1933 Feb 6 |
The 20th Amendment to the Constitution was declared in effect. The Lame-Duck Amendment changed the inauguration date of congressmen from March 4 to January 3. Moving back the inauguration date for newly-elected congressmen reduced the time that defeated members, or "lame ducks," remain in office. January 20 was the date set for the president and vice-president. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt became the 1st to be inaugurated on Jan 20 in 1937. Links: USA, RooseveltF
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1933 Mar 6 |
A nationwide bank holiday declared by President Roosevelt went into effect. Overseas deposits shrank by just 2% as a result of the closure. Links: USA, RooseveltF, Banking
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1933 Mar |
FDR appointed Dean Acheson (1893-1953) Under Secretary of the Treasury. Acheson was forced to resign from the Roosevelt Administration after only six months because he opposed the president’s plan to devalue the gold content of the dollar. He remained close to the president however and became an Assistant Secretary of State in 1941. Acheson served as Secretary of State from 1949 to 1953 and was a major architect of postwar U.S. foreign policy. Links: USA, RooseveltF
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1933 Apr 19 |
FDR issued a presidential proclamation to take the US off the gold standard. He tied this with orders that 445,000 newly minted gold $20 "Double Eagle" coins be destroyed. Ten coins escaped and one was scheduled for auction in 2002. The coin fetched $7.59 million. In 2005 the US Mint recovered 10 double eagle gold pieces from a family that had sought to authenticate them. [see Jun 5] Links: USA, Money, RooseveltF
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1933 Jun 16 |
The US Congress passed the National Recovery Act. Links: USA, Labor, RooseveltF More
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1933 |
The Business Plot was an alleged political conspiracy in the United States. Retired Marine Corps Major General Smedley Butler claimed that wealthy businessmen were plotting to create a fascist veterans' organization with Butler as its leader and use it in a coup d'état to overthrow President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Links: USA, RooseveltF
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1934 Jun 19 |
The US National Archives and Records Administration was established under Pres. Franklin Roosevelt. Links: USA, RooseveltF
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1934 Aug 1 |
US ended its occupation of Haiti (begun in 1915) after President Franklin D. Roosevelt reaffirmed an August 1933 disengagement agreement. American financial control continued to 1947. Links: Haiti, USA, RooseveltF
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1934 Nov 20 |
The McCormack–Dickstein Committee began examining evidence on the Business Plot against Franklin Roosevelt. On November 24 the committee released a statement detailing the testimony it had heard about the plot and its preliminary findings. On February 15, 1935, the committee submitted its final report to the House of Representatives. During the hearings Retired Marine Corps Major General Smedley Butler testified that Gerald C. MacGuire attempted to recruit him to lead a coup, promising him an army of 500,000 men for a march on Washington, DC, and financial backing. Butler testified that the pretext for the coup would be that the president's health was failing. Links: USA, RooseveltF
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1935 Apr 8 |
The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act authorized $5 billion to increase employment and for useful projects including the Works Progress Administration (WPA). President Franklin Roosevelt proposed the Works Progress Administration (WPA) during the Great Depression of the 1930s when almost 25 percent of Americans were unemployed. The WPA created low-paying federal jobs to provide immediate relief. The WPA put 8.5 million jobless to work on projects as diverse as constructing highways, bridges and public buildings to arts programs like the Federal Writers' Project. Writers were paid to produce comprehensive guidebooks for each of the US states and Washington DC. In 2008 Nick Taylor authored “”American-Made: The Enduring Legacy of the WPA, When FDR Put America to Work.” Links: USA, Labor, RooseveltF, WPA
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1935 Aug 14 |
The Social Security Act became law as President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Social Security Bill, providing assistance to the poor and needy. It created an old-age and unemployment insurance, and supplemented mothers’ pensions with Aid to Dependent Children. The unemployment insurance left out servants and farm laborers. Links: USA, Labor, RooseveltF, Social Security
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1936 Jan 27 |
The US Congress overrode Pres. Roosevelt’s veto and passed a large bonus for veterans of WWI. This provided an economic stimulus for the year, which disappeared in 1937. Links: USA, Economics, RooseveltF
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1936 Oct 31 |
The Literary Digest published a poll that predicted that Alfred Landon, the governor of Kansas, would win over Pres. Roosevelt with 57% of the popular vote. Landon lost all but two states to Roosevelt. Links: USA, Kansas, RooseveltF, Magazine
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1937 Apr 27 |
The Franklin Roosevelt administration began distributing the nation’s first Social Security checks. Links: USA, Economics, Sociology, RooseveltF
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1937 May 28 |
President Roosevelt pushed a button in Washington signaling that vehicular traffic could cross the just-opened Golden Gate Bridge in California. Cars were charged 50 cents each way. Links: USA, RooseveltF
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1938 Jun 25 |
Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt signed into law the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act. It included a restriction on the sale of embedded non-food items, unless there’s a functional value, like the stick on a lollipop. It was partially provoked by a rash of injuries from depilatory creams. Links: USA, Food, Hair, RooseveltF
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1938 Jun 25 |
Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the US Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. It allowed workers with disabilities to be paid less if they were less productive. Links: USA, Labor, RooseveltF
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1939 Mar 20 |
Franklin D. Roosevelt named William O. Douglas to the Supreme Court. He replaced Louis D. Brandeis (1856-1941), appointed in 1916, who retired. Douglas left the court in 1975, holding the record as the longest serving Supreme Court justice. Links: USA, RooseveltF, Supreme Court
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1939 1941 |
This period is covered in Lynne Olson’s 2013 book: “Those Angry Days: Roosevelt, Lindbergh, and America’s Fight Over World War II.” Links: Britain, USA, Books, RooseveltF, WWII
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1940 |
Pres. Franklin Delano Roosevelt began recording presidential meetings to ensure that he was quoted accurately. Links: USA, Telecom, RooseveltF
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1941 Aug 9 |
US President Franklin Roosevelt and PM Winston Churchill met at Placentia Bay, Newfoundland. Their meeting produced the August 14 Atlantic Charter, an agreement between the two countries on war aims, even though the US was still a neutral country. Links: Canada, Britain, USA, RooseveltF
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1941 Nov 10 |
Freedom House was founded by a group of prominent individuals, including Eleanor Roosevelt and Wendell Willkie. It emerged from an amalgamation of two groups that had been formed, with the quiet encouragement of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, to encourage popular support for American involvement in World War II at a time when isolationist sentiments were running high in the United States. Links: USA, RooseveltF
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1941 Dec 19 |
US Attorney General Francis Biddle issued Circular No. 3591 to all federal prosecutors to drop references to peonage and label such files as “Involuntary Servitude and Slavery.” This was in response to Pres. Roosevelt’s fear that mistreatment of blacks would be used in propaganda by Japan and Germany. Links: USA, Black History, RooseveltF
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1941 Dec |
David Ben-Gurion (1886-1973), Israeli leader, traveled to Washington to speak with Pres. F.D. Roosevelt regarding a Jewish state. He waited for 10 weeks at the Ambassador Hotel but was refused a meeting. Links: USA, Israel, RooseveltF
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1941 |
Pres. Franklin Roosevelt invoked the Trading With the Enemy Act of 1917 to authorize the Fed to restrict consumer installment loans in order to suppress consumption and free resources for the war effort. Links: USA, Money, RooseveltF
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1941 |
Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Rexford Guy Tugwell as governor of Puerto Rico. Under his direction the island became an experiment in central planning. Links: USA, Puerto Rico, RooseveltF
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1942 Oct |
Pres. Roosevelt signed special legislation that allowed General Motors to take a complete tax write-off for the loss of Opel, its Nazi subsidiary. The tax reduction amounted to some $22.7 million, an amount equal to about $285 billion in 2007. Links: USA, Germany, Michigan, Cars, RooseveltF
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1943 Jan 11 |
President Franklin D. Roosevelt flew to Morocco for a top-secret meeting with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. He had not flown since 1932, when he traveled from Albany, New York, to Chicago to accept his nomination at the Democratic national convention. No U.S. president had previously flown while in office because the Secret Service regarded flying as a dangerous mode of transport. Air travel was the only realistic option for the trip to Casablanca because German submarines lurking in the Atlantic made a surface crossing too risky. Links: USA, Morocco, Aviation, RooseveltF
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1943 May |
German captors took American POWs Capt. Donald B. Stewart and Lt. Col. John H. Van Vliet Jr. to view mummified corpses of Polish officers massacred in the Katyn forest. They used coded messages to report on the Soviet guilt, but it was suppressed by the Roosevelt administration until a report in 1952. Documents of their coded messages were made public in 2012. Links: Russia, USA, Germany, Poland, USSR, RooseveltF, Massacre
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1944 Aug 5 |
Nearly a thousand Jewish refugees from Europe arrived in upstate New York at the invitation of President Roosevelt. It was supposed to be the first of many relief camps. It turned out to be the only one. Links: USA, New York, Jews, RooseveltF
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1945 Feb 14 |
Saudi King Abd al-Aziz and Franklin D. Roosevelt met on a ship in the Suez Canal and reached an understanding whereby the US would protect the Saudi royal family in return for preferred access to Saudi oil. William Eddy, US minister to Saudi Arabia, arranged the meeting. Links: Saudi Arabia, RooseveltF
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1945 Apr 12 |
Pres. Franklin Delano Roosevelt the 32nd president of the United States, died of a cerebral hemorrhage in Warm Springs, Ga., at age 63. Roosevelt, a polio victim confined to a wheelchair, spent a great deal of time in the soothing waters of the resort. He succumbed to a cerebral hemorrhage while posing for a portrait by Elizabeth Shoumatoff at what came to be known as the Little White House in Warm Springs, where the unfinished portrait remains on display. Lucy Rutherford Mercer, his secret companion, was at his bedside. He was succeeded by his Vice-President, Harry S. Truman. The 63-year-old president had been at Warm Springs, Georgia, since March 28, resting from the rigors of leading a nation at war. Roosevelt, left paralyzed by polio in 1921, was elected to the nation's highest office four times and is judged by historians to be among the greatest American presidents. He was buried at the Roosevelt family home in Hyde Park, New York. The period is covered in "Mr. Truman’s War" (1996) by Robert Moskin. In 2001 "The New Dealer’s War," the 5th and last volume of the Roosevelt biography by Thomas Fleming (d.1999) was published. In 2001 Kenneth S. Davis authored "FDR: The War President." In 2003 Conrad Black, aka Lord Black of Crossharbour, authored "Franklin Delano Roosevelt." In 2008 H. W. Brands authored “”Traitor to His Class: The Privileged Life and Radical Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.” Links: GeorgiaUS, USA, RooseveltF
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1945 Jul |
Vannevar Bush published his report to Pres. Roosevelt: "Science—The Endless Frontier," a vision for government-funded science and engineering. His essay in the Atlantic Monthly described how adding structured code words to microfilm pages in his imaginary “Memex” information retrieval system would help researchers. Links: USA, Technology, RooseveltF
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1946 Jan 29 |
Harry Lloyd Hopkins (b.1890), American social worker, died. He was the 8th Secretary of Commerce, and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's closest advisor on foreign policy during World War II. He was one of the architects of the New Deal, especially the relief programs of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which he directed and built into the largest employer in the country. Links: USA, RooseveltF, WPA
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1946 Jun 24 |
Mary McLeod Bethune was named director of the Division of Minority Affairs for the National Youth Administration by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The well-known educator thus became the first Black woman ever to head a US government agency. Links: USA, Black History, Women, RooseveltF
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1965 May 14 |
Frances Perkins (83), the first US female cabinet secretary, died. She served as FDR’s Minister of Labor (1933-45). In 2009 Kirstin Downey authored “The Woman Behind the New Deal: The Life of Francis Perkins, FDR’s Secretary of Labor and His Moral Conscience.” Links: USA, Labor, RooseveltF
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1978 |
Lawrence Halprin, landscape architect, presented the winning design for a President Roosevelt memorial. The specs for the design included that the memorial last 5,000 years. Dedication of the memorial was in 1997. His initial 1974 proposal was accepted following the 1955 joint resolution of Congress to establish the memorial. In 1998 he published "The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial," a project history and photo-bio. Links: USA, Architect, RooseveltF
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1990 Dec 4 |
Eric Larrabee (68), magazine editor, author, arts administrator, teacher and champion of the arts, died at his home in Manhattan. His books included “Commander in Chief: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, His Lieutenants, and Their War” (1987). Links: USA, Writer, RooseveltF
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1997 May 2 |
A new national memorial honoring Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt was officially opened in Washington, D.C., and was dedicated by Pres. Clinton. Links: USA, DC, ClintonB, RooseveltF
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2015 |
Jay Winik authored “1944: FDR and the Year that Changed History.” Links: USA, Books, RooseveltF
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