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EisenhowerD
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1944 Jun 6 |
By the end of D-Day 156,000 Allied soldiers had come ashore on the Normandy beaches with losses of 2,500 men. By the end of the day, the Allies had established a tenuous beachhead that would lead to an offensive that pinned Adolf Hitler's Third Reich between two pincers--the Western Allies and the already advancing Soviets--accelerating the end of World War II. A million Allied troops, under the overall command of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, moved onto five Normandy beachheads in three weeks. Operations “Neptune” and “Overlord” put forces on the beaches and supplies aimed at the liberation of Europe and the conquest of Germany. Operation Overlord landed 400,000 Allied American, British, and Canadian troops on the beaches of Normandy, France. In addition, US and British airborne forces landed behind the German lines and US Army Rangers scaled the cliffs at Pointe de Hoc. More than 6,000 trucks of the Red Ball Express kept gasoline and other vital supplies rolling in as American troops and tanks pushed the Germans back toward their homeland. Links: Canada, Britain, USA, France, Germany, EisenhowerD, WWII 
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1950 Dec 19 |
The North Atlantic Council named General Eisenhower supreme commander of Western European defense forces of NATO. Links: USA, NATO, EisenhowerD
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1952 Jul 11 |
The Republican National Convention, meeting in Chicago, nominated Dwight D. Eisenhower for president and Richard M. Nixon for vice president. Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin (1900-1974), the governor of Maryland (1951-1959), gave the nominating speech. Links: USA, Maryland, Chicago, NixonR, EisenhowerD
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1953 Apr 27 |
President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed Executive Order 10450: Security Requirements for Government Employment. The order listed "sexual perversion" as a condition for firing a federal employee and for denying employment to potential applicants. Homosexuality, moral perversion, and communism were categorized as national security threats; the issue of homosexual federal workers had become a dire federal personnel policy concern. Links: USA, Labor, Gays, EisenhowerD
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1953 Jul 17 |
Pres. Eisenhower proclaimed Captive Nations Week following US Senate resolution on July 6 and US House resolution on July 8. It aimed at raising public awareness of the oppression of nations under the control of Communist and other non-democratic governments. It became public law in 1959. Links: Russia, USA, USSR, EisenhowerD
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1953 Aug 3 |
Pres. Eisenhower created the US Information Agency to communicate with foreign nations and counter Soviet propaganda. "The USIA explains and supports American foreign policy and promotes US national interests through a wide range of overseas information programs." Theodore Streibert served as its first director. The agency was dissolved in 1999. In 2008 Nicholas J. Cull authored “The Cold War and the United States Information Agency.” Links: USA, EisenhowerD
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1953 Oct 5 |
California Gov. Earl Warren (1891-1974) was sworn in as the 14th chief justice of the United States, succeeding Fred M. Vinson. He was named by Pres. Eisenhower as chief justice of the US. Warren retired in 1969. In 2000 Lucas A. Powe, Jr., authored "The Warren Court and American Politics." Links: USA, Supreme Court, EisenhowerD
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1953 |
Project Solarium was an American national-level exercise in strategy and foreign policy design convened by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. It was intended to produce consensus among senior officials in the national security community on the most effective strategy for responding to Soviet expansionism in the wake of the early Cold War. Links: Russia, USA, USSR, EisenhowerD
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1954 Jun 14 |
President Eisenhower signed an order adding the words "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance. On Feb 7 Eisenhower had attended a service where Rev. George M. Docherty (d.2008 at 97), a Scotland-born pastor of the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church, in Washington, DC, repeated his 1952 sermon saying the pledge should acknowledge God. Links: USA, EisenhowerD
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1954 Jul 10 |
Pres. Eisenhower signed Public Law 480, the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, which later became known as the “Food for Peace” program. Links: USA, Food, Agriculture, EisenhowerD
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1954 Jul 17 |
Gen. Joseph Swing, appointed by Pres. Eisenhower to head the INS, began "Operation Wetback." Because political resistance was lower in California and Arizona, the roundup of aliens began there. Some 750 agents swept northward through agricultural areas with a goal of 1,000 apprehensions a day. By the end of July, over 50,000 aliens were caught in the two states. Another 488,000, fearing arrest, had fled the country. Links: USA, California, Mexico, Arizona, EisenhowerD
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1956 Jun 9 |
In Washington, DC, President Eisenhower underwent surgery for an intestinal blockage. The operation was a success and doctors assured the nation that the president will make a full recovery. Links: USA, DC, EisenhowerD
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1956 Jun 29 |
Pres. Eisenhower signed the US Federal Highway Act. It authorized a 42,500 mile network linking major urban centers. 90% of the cost was to be born by the federal government. Initial estimates put completion by 1968 for $25 billion. The system was completed in 1993 at a cost of $425 billion (in 2006 dollars). The Federal Highway Act included the Highway Revenue Act as Title II and created the Highway Trust Fund (HTF) to finance the construction. Links: USA, Cars, EisenhowerD
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1956 Jul 30 |
President Eisenhower signed in to law the US motto "In God We Trust." It became the official motto of the United States of America and of the US state of Florida. Links: USA, Money, EisenhowerD
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1956 Aug 1 |
Pres. Eisenhower signed legislation expanding Social Security benefits to include disability insurance. The Disability Insurance Trust Fund was created as a part of the Social Security Act Amendments. Links: USA, EisenhowerD
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1957 Jan 5 |
President Eisenhower, in an address to Congress, proposed offering military assistance to Middle Eastern countries so they could resist Communist aggression; this became known as the Eisenhower Doctrine. Under this doctrine a Middle Eastern country could request American economic assistance or aid from US military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression. Eisenhower singled out the Soviet threat in his doctrine by authorizing the commitment of US forces "to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid against overt armed aggression from any nation controlled by international communism". The phrase "international communism" made the doctrine much broader than simply responding to Soviet military action. A danger that could be linked to communists of any nation could conceivably invoke the doctrine. Links: USA, EisenhowerD
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1957 Sep 2 |
Pres. Eisenhower signed the Price-Anderson Act, which limited firms’ liability in commercial nuclear disasters. Links: USA, Nuclear, EisenhowerD
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1957 Sep 4 |
Arkansas National guardsmen turned away Black students from Central High School in Little Rock. 9 students made it into the school on September 24 under the protection of federal troops sent by Pres. Eisenhower. In 2007 Elizabeth Jacoway authored “Turn Away Thy Son: Little Rock, the Crises That Shocked the Nation.” Links: USA, Black History, Arkansas, EisenhowerD
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1957 |
Pres. Eisenhower approved the execution of John Bennett, an Army private convicted of raping and attempting to kill an 11-year-old Austrian girl. He was hanged in 1961. Links: USA, EisenhowerD
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1957 |
The US began its Corona project, a secret attempt to put a reconnaissance satellite into orbit. Pres. Eisenhower put it on fast track in 1959. The first 12 launch attempts failed. In 1960 a successful flight photographed a large part of the Soviet Union. In 1998 2 books were published on the project: "Eye in the Sky" a collection of essays edited by 3 experts and "The Corona Project" by Curtis Peebles. Details on corona were declassified in 1995. Links: Russia, USA, USSR, Espionage, EisenhowerD
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1958 Jan 3 |
The first six members of the newly formed US Commission on Civil Rights held their first meeting at the White House after they were sworn in by President Eisenhower. Links: USA, Black History, EisenhowerD
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1958 May 13 |
Vice President Nixon's limousine was battered by rocks thrown by anti-U.S. demonstrators in Caracas, Venezuela. Vice President Richard Nixon’s eight-nation South America goodwill tour in May 1958 encountered violent demonstrations, particularly in Peru and Venezuela, spurring President Dwight Eisenhower to order the movement of U.S. forces into Caribbean bases. Links: Venezuela, NixonR, EisenhowerD
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1958 Jul 15 |
President Eisenhower ordered 5,000 US Marines to Lebanon, at the request of that country’s president, Camille Chamoun, in the face of a perceived threat by Muslim rebels, to help end a short-lived civil war. Eisenhower justified his decision to send troops to the region on the basis that it was the "birthplace of three great religions," as well as having "two-thirds of the presently known oil deposits." Links: USA, Lebanon, EisenhowerD
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1958 |
Pres. Eisenhower gave the green light for the Corona project, which would create satellites to spy on the Soviet Union. The new Lockheed Corp. facility in Palo Alto, Ca., quickly became involved in the program, which remained classified until 1995. Satellites equipped with parachutes kept tabs on the Eastern Bloc from 1960-1972. Links: Russia, USA, USSR, SF Bay Area, Espionage, EisenhowerD
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1959 Jul 17 |
The US Congress approved a joint resolution establishing Captive Nations Week to be observed on the 3rd week of July. Pres. Eisenhower signed Public Law 86-90 establishing the week, aimed at raising public awareness of the oppression of nations under the control of Communist and other non-democratic governments, began in 1953. Links: Russia, USA, USSR, EisenhowerD
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1959 Dec 9 1959 Dec 14 |
Pres. Eisenhower visited India and met with President Prasad and Prime Minister Nehru. He addressed India’s Parliament and said: “ We who are free, and who prize our freedom above all other gifts of God and nature, must know each other better; trust each other more; support each other.” Links: USA, India, EisenhowerD
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1960 Sep 14 |
REITs were created when President Eisenhower signed into law the REIT Act title contained in the Cigar Excise Tax Extension of 1960. REITs were created by Congress in order to give all investors the opportunity to invest in large-scale, diversified portfolios of income-producing real estate. Links: USA, EisenhowerD, Real Estate
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1960 Nov 1 |
US Pres. Eisenhower announced that the US would take all steps necessary to defend its naval base at Cuba’s Guantanamo Bay. Links: USA, Cuba, EisenhowerD
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1961 Jan 17 |
US Pres. Dwight Eisenhower and Canada’s PM John Diefenbaker signed a treaty to jointly control the Columbia River. The treaty was implemented in 1964. Links: Canada, USA, EisenhowerD
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1961 Apr 17 |
About 1,500 CIA-trained Cuban exiles, Brigade 2506, launched the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in a failed attempt to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro. The US clandestinely invaded Cuba in the Bay of Pigs operation and the operation failed completely without any of the promised air support from the United States. Cuban forces killed 200 rebels and captured 1,197 in less than 72 hours. The command vessel Marsopa and supply ship Houston were sunk and an entire battalion was lost. 26 survivors were rescued after 3 days of fighting. A single copy of a CIA report written by inspector general Lyman Kirkpatrick was made public in 1998. The operation, which had been devised during the Eisenhower Administration, was nonetheless endorsed by the new president, John F. Kennedy. In 1979 Peter Wyden wrote “Bay of Pigs: The Untold Story.” Portion of the 1961 Taylor Report was made public in 1977 and 1986. Most of the report was made public in 2000 and it showed that the CIA knew that the Soviets knew the exact date of the attack. In 2009 Guadeloupe apologized to Cuba for allowing the CIA to train Cuban exiles on its soil. Links: Guatemala, USA, Cuba, CIA, KennedyJ, EisenhowerD
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1962 Oct 8 |
Former Pres. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon visited San Francisco as the SF Giants beat the NY Yankees in a World Series baseball game. Links: USA, NixonR, EisenhowerD
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1968 Feb 6 |
Former president Dwight Eisenhower hit a golfing hole-in-one. Links: USA, Golf, EisenhowerD
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1969 Mar 28 |
Dwight D. Eisenhower (b.1890), the 34th president of the US, died at Walter Reed General Hospital in Washington at age 78. In 2002 Carlo D’Este authored "Eisenhower: A Soldier’s Life." In 2006 John Wukovits authored “Eisenhower. In 2007 Kasey S. Pipes authored “Ike’s Final Battle: The Road to Little Rock and the Challenge of Equality.” In 2007 Michael Korda authored “Ike: An American Hero.” In 2012 Jean Edward Smith authored “Eisenhower: In War and Peace.” Links: USA, DC, EisenhowerD
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1970 Dec 31 |
Congress authorized the Eisenhower dollar coin. Links: USA, Money, EisenhowerD
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1971 Jan 25 |
The Philadelphia mint made its 1st trial strike of the Eisenhower dollar. Links: USA, Money, Pennsylvania, EisenhowerD
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1971 Nov 1 |
The Eisenhower dollar was put into circulation. Links: USA, Money, EisenhowerD
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1979 Nov 1 |
Mamie Doud Eisenhower (b.1896), wife of former Pres. "Ike" Eisenhower, died at a family farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Links: USA, Pennsylvania, EisenhowerD
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