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Philippines
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400000 BC 48000 BC |
A human group, later called the Denisovans, lived in Asia during this period. They then interbred with humans expanding from Africa along the coast of South Asia. In 2010 fossil evidence from a Siberian cave revealed that their DNA was related to the DNA of people from New Guinea, which contained 4.8% Denisovan DNA. 3-5% of the DNA from native people of Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Philippines and other nearby islands came from Denisovans, who left Africa as far back as 800,000 BC. Links: Australia, Philippines, DNA, Siberia, Papua New Guinea, Anthropology, HistoryBC 
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1576 Jul |
The Spanish ship San Felipe departed Manila for the port of Acapulco. It wrecked on the coast of Baha, California. Artifacts from the wreckage were later used to identify the ship. Links: Spain, Philippines, Mexico, Ship
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1595 Jul |
The Spanish galleon San Agustin departed the Philippines with 130 tons of cargo and 70 men. See Nov, 1595. Links: Spain, Philippines, Ship
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1595 Nov |
The San Agustin, a Spanish galleon from Manila, sank off the coast of northern California near Point Reyes with a load of silks and porcelains from the Orient. Skipper Sebastian Rodriguez Cermeno sailed with survivors in an open boat 2,500 miles to Acapulco. Links: Spain, California, Philippines, Ship
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1658 |
The sultan of Brunei gave Sabah, the northeastern part of Borneo, to the sultan of Sulu, who ruled a part of what later became the Philippines. Links: Britain, Malaysia, Philippines, Borneo
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1672 Apr 2 |
Pedro Calungsod (b.1654), a Filipino teenager, was killed in Tumon, Guam, along with Diego Luis de San Vitores, his Jesuit missionary priest, by natives resisting their conversion efforts. In 2012 Pedro was named a saint in the Catholic church. Links: Philippines, Guam, Saint
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1890 |
Philippine brewer San Miguel began making beer. Links: Philippines, Beer
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1898 Aug 13 |
Manila, the capital of the Philippines, fell to the U.S. Army under Adm. George Dewey. It was later reported that Dewey had agreed to sacrifice the lives of American soldiers in order to give Spanish officers, who had retained dead soldiers on payroll, a chance to report heavy fatalities back to Spain. Links: USA, Philippines
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1905 Jul 29 |
US Secretary of War William Howard Taft, under the approval of Pres. Theodore Roosevelt, and PM of Japan Katsura Taro signed the Taft-Katsura Agreement, which reinforced American and Japanese influence and spelled doom for Korean sovereignty. Japan agreed not to interfere in the ongoing US rape of the Philippines in return for the US agreement not to interfere with Japan’s forthcoming rape of Korea. Links: USA, Japan, Korea, Philippines, RooseveltT
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1905 |
US General Leonard Wood (b.1860) took over as military commander of the Philippines. Links: USA, Philippines
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1916 Aug 29 |
The US Jones Law (Act of Congress of August 29, 1916), also known as the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916, replaced the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 that earlier served as a constitution for the Philippine Islands. Manuel Luis Quezon (1878-1944), Resident Commissioner to Washington, D.C. since 1909, pushed the passage of the Jones Act. Links: USA, Philippines
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1916 Oct 16 |
The Philippine Commission was abolished and the Philippine Legislature was inaugurated. It consisted of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Links: Philippines
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1935 Nov 22 |
Pan Am inaugurated the first transpacific airmail service, San Francisco to Manila. The Pan Am China Clipper under Captain Ed Musick took off from Alameda Point bound for the Philippines with 111,000 letters. It was the company's first trans-Pacific flight. The plane was a 25-ton Martin M-130 flying boat with a wingspan of 130 feet, and was the largest aircraft in world service. Links: USA, Philippines, Postage, Aviation, SF
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1936 Jan 22 |
In San Francisco 5 Filipino men appeared before a municipal judge on vagrancy charges and admitted to intermingling with white girls. Police chief Quinn instructed police officers to take into custody all white girls seen with Filipinos, together with their escorts. Links: USA, Philippines, SF
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1936 May 16 |
San Francisco Municipal Judge Lazarus condemned dance hall operators who made white girls dance with Filipinos. He had just held Terry Santiago (22) to answer a charge of assault with intent to murder for stabbing Norma Kompisch (22) 22 times with an 8-inch butcher knife, despite her cries for mercy. Lazarus had recently call Filipinos “savages.” Links: USA, Philippines, SF
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1942 |
The US Dept. of Agriculture produced the film “Hemp for Victory,” which urged farmers to grow hemp after Japan’s seizure of the Philippines curtailed supply. Links: USA, Japan, Philippines, Film, Agriculture
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1945 Feb 23 |
During World War II, U.S. Marines on Iwo Jima captured Mount Suribachi, where they raised the American flag. John Bradley (d.1994), was one of the soldiers who raised the US flag at Iwo Jima. The carnage on the 8-sq.-mile island continued for another 31 days. The flag raising was captured by AP photographer Joseph Rosenthal (1911-2006) and inspired the 1954 sculpture by Felix de Weldon (d.2003) erected in Washington DC. Sgt. Bill Genaust filmed the event with a 16mm camera and died in combat 9 days later. Links: Philippines, Photography, Journalism
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1954 Sep 8 |
SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization), a sister organization to NATO, was created under the Manila Pact by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, to stop communist spread in Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos). The United States, Australia, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, the Philippines, Pakistan, and Thailand signed the mutual defense treaty. SEATO dissolved in 1977. Links: Australia, Britain, USA, France, Pakistan, Vietnam, Philippines, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, New Zealand
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1957 Mar 17 |
In the Philippines a plane crash on Mt. Manunggal in Cebu killed Pres. Ramon Magsaysay (b.1907). 25 of the 26 passengers and crew aboard were killed. Links: Philippines, Air Crash
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1957 |
Jose Cojuangco, the father of Corazon Aquino, promised various Philippine government agencies that lent him money to buy Hacienda Luisita, a 14,800 acre sugar plantation, that he would sell much of the land to the peasants who worked it. He never did so. Links: Philippines, Real Estate
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1961 |
In San Francisco Alex Esclamado (1929-2012) founded the Philippine News out of his Sunset District family home. In 1972 it became a megaphone for the those opposing the rule of Pres. Marcos. In 1989 Esclamado received the Philippine Legion of Honor crediting his defense of democracy. Links: Philippines, SF, Journalism
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1966 |
The Asian Development Bank, headquartered in the Philippines, was created to recycle the rich world’s surpluses to capital starved Asia. Links: Philippines, Banking
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1967 Aug 8 |
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations or ASEAN was established in Bangkok by the five original Member Countries, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Brunei Darussalam joined on 8 January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Laos and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999. Links: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, ASEAN
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1967 |
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was formed by Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Brunei, Myanmar, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Links: Vietnam, Burma, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Singapore
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1969 Dec 30 |
In the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos (1917-1989) won an unprecedented second term as president. Links: Philippines
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1969 |
At their peak in 1969, 68,889 combat troops from Australia, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Thailand and the Philippines were deployed in Vietnam. Links: Australia, Vietnam, Philippines, South Korea, New Zealand
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1970 Jun 11 |
Frank Laubach, Christian Evangelical missionary, died. In 1935, while working at a remote location in the Philippines, he developed the "Each One Teach One" literacy program. It has since been used to teach about 60 million people to read in their own language. Links: USA, Philippines, Language
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1970 Nov 27 |
Pope Paul VI, visiting the Philippines, was slightly wounded at the Manila airport by Benjamin Mendoza, a dagger-wielding Bolivian painter disguised as a priest. Links: Artist, Bolivia, Philippines, Vatican
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1971 Jan 24 |
Pvt. Rogelio Roxas (d.1993), a former Filipino soldier, allegedly discovered the war treasure of Japanese Gen’l. Tomoyuki Yamashita in caves near Baguio City. Roxas was arrested on May 18, 1971, and jailed for 5 years. The gold bullion was reportedly taken away by Pres. Marcos. Links: Japan, Philippines, Robbery
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1971 Jun |
Manuel Elizalde (d.1971), a Filipino official, allegedly found the Tasaday, a lost Stone Age tribe, on Mindanao Island. Enthusiastic reports led to a book, ''The Gentle Tasaday: A Stone Age People in the Philippine Rain Forest'' (1975) by John Nance. Skeptics were dismayed in 1974 when Mr. Elizalde, citing a need to protect the Tasadays from exploitation and the harmful effects of too much contact with civilization, blocked any further visits by social scientists. Links: Philippines
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1971 Aug 21 |
In the Philippines there was a grenade attack on a political rally of the opposition Liberal party. It nearly wiped out the party's senatorial slate running against Marcos' Nacionalista Party. Marcos blamed the communists, but others believed that Marcos planned the attack. Links: Philippines
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1972 Sep 21 |
Ferdinand Marcos (b.1929) signed Proclamation 1081 placing the Philippines under a state of martial rule, which lasted for the next 14 years. Links: Philippines
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1972 Dec 7 |
Imelda Marcos, wife of Philippine President Ferdinand E. Marcos, was stabbed and seriously wounded by an assailant who was then shot dead by her bodyguards. Links: Philippines
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1972 |
The conflict between the government and Muslim rebels began. A full-scale guerrilla war began in which some 120,000 people were killed by 1999. Links: Philippines
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1974 Mar 9 |
Officer Hiroo Onoda, the last Japanese soldier operating in the Philippines, surrendered, 29 years after World War II ended. Links: Japan, Philippines
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1974 Jul 19 |
In the Philippines a Miss Universe beauty pageant was held and thousands of squatters around Manila were forcibly moved out of sight. Amparo Munoz of Spain won. Links: Spain, Philippines, Pageant
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1975 Jul 7 |
Philippines’ President Ferdinand E. Marcos signed Presidential Decree No. 742 and Letter of Instruction 290 creating Western and Central Mindanao regions in Mindanao and establishing the Office of the Regional Commissioner in both regions. Links: Philippines
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1975 Oct 1 |
Muhammad Ali beat Joe Frazier after 14 rounds for the heavyweight boxing title in Manila. Links: USA, Philippines, Boxing
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1976 |
In the Philippines a World Bank Conference was held and thousands of squatters around Manila were forcibly moved out of sight. Links: Philippines, World Bank
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1976 |
In the Philippines the last execution until 1999 was made. Links: Philippines
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1976 |
Philippine student Yobie Benjamin was arrested and jailed for helping lead protests at the Univ. of the Philippines against the dictatorship of Pres. Ferdinand Marco. Benjamin spent 9 months in jail. He later established himself as an entrepreneur and created GoodStorm, an e-commerce company, that was sold to Zazzle.com in 2008. GoodStorm sold products on behalf of nonprofit organizations. Links: Philippines
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1977 Mar 25 |
Philippines’ President Marcos, on March 25, 1977, signed Presidential Proclamation No. 1628 forming an autonomous region in Southern Philippines. Links: Philippines
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1977 Jun 30 |
SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization), the regional defense organization created to protect members from communist expansionism, formally ended. The organization had been created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty on Sep. 8, 1954, in response to events in Korea and Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos). It members were Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Pakistan withdrew in 1968 and France withdrew financial support. SEATO had one final exercise on Feb. 20, 1976, formally ending a little over a year later. Links: Australia, Britain, USA, France, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, New Zealand, SEATO
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1977 Aug |
Japan’s PM Fukuda visited 5 ASEAN nations and in Manila promised SE Asia that Japan forever renounced aggression against its neighbors. This became known as the Fukuda doctrine. Links: Japan, Philippines, ASEAN
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1978 Oct 27 |
Typhoon Rita struck in the Philippines and killed 150 people. Links: Philippines, Hurricane
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1978 |
In the Philippines Tony Tan Caktiong formed Jollibee after realizing that customers in his Manila ice cream parlor liked his soy and sugar seasoned burgers better than his sundaes. Links: Philippines, Food
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1979 May 3 |
In the Philippines a UN Conference on Trade and Development opened as thousands of squatters around Manila were forcibly moved out of sight. Links: Philippines, UN
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1979 Jul 25 |
In the Philippines Batas Pambansa No. 20 was enacted creating the Regional Autonomous Government in Western and Central Mindanao regions. Links: Philippines
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1981 Feb 17 |
Pope John Paul II met with President Marcos in Manila. Links: Philippines, Vatican
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1981 |
Emily Hahn (1905-1997) wrote: "The Islands: America’s Imperial Adventures in the Philippines." Links: USA, Philippines, Books
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1981 1989 |
In the Philippines leaders of the Communist Party and the New People's Army later acknowledged that a number of rebel commanders killed 600-900 suspected spies and government informers in the southern Mindanao region during the 1980s. In 2006 soldiers found mass graves in an area called "Garden," a hilly jungle near the town of Inopacan in Southern Leyte province. Links: Philippines
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1981 |
In the Philippines Hashim Salamat founded the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) when he and followers split from the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF). Links: Philippines
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1983 Aug 21 |
Philippine opposition leader Benigno S. Aquino Jr., ending a self-imposed exile in the United States, was shot dead moments after stepping off a plane at Manila International Airport. Fabian Ver (d.1998 at 78), leader of the Philippine army, was among 20 men later charged in the murder of Aquino. Ver fled to Hawaii in 1986 along with Marcos. Links: USA, Philippines, Assassin
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1983 Sep 21 |
In the Philippines at least 7 people were killed in anti Marcos demonstrations in Manila. Links: Philippines
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1983 |
In the Philippines dictator Ferdinand Marcos secretly took some $228,000 from the National Food Authority and transferred the money to a private account. In 2010 an anti-graft court ordered his wife, Imelda Marcos, to to return the money plus 27 years of interest and $44,000 in damages and litigation costs. Links: Philippines, Food, Govm’t Scandal
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1984 |
In the Philippines the volunteer National Citizen’s Movement for Free Elections (Namfrel) was founded by business and church leaders disgusted with the corrupt elections run by the Marcos government. Links: Philippines
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1984 |
In the Philippines the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant was completed at a cost of $2.3 billion, but remained dormant. In 2011 it was planned to open to tour groups to teach them about nuclear power. Links: Philippines, Nuclear
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1985 |
Rotary Int’l., a businessman’s club and global charity, following a successful pilot study in the Philippines announced a plan to eradicate polio by vaccinating every child under five at risk of catching it. Links: USA, Philippines, Microbiology, Polio
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1986 Feb 7 |
The Philippines held a presidential election marred by charges of fraud against the incumbent, Ferdinand E. Marcos. Corazon Aquino defeated incumbent dictator Ferdinand Marcos but fraudulent returns gave the election to Marcos. Links: Philippines, Fraud
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1986 Feb 15 |
The Philippines National Assembly proclaimed Ferdinand E. Marcos president for another six years, following an election marked by allegations of fraud. Marcos was later ousted. Links: Philippines, Fraud
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