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Florence
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1200 1600 |
The economy of Florence during this period was later covered by Richard A. Goldthwaite in his book “The Economy of Renaissance Florence.” Links: Florence, Renaissance 
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1333 Nov 4 |
In Florence, Italy, the Arno River flooded causing some 3,000 deaths. Links: Italy, Florence, Flood
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1339 |
King Edward III of England repudiated his debt to Florentine bankers. Links: Britain, Florence, Banking
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1401 |
In Florence Filippo Brunelleschi and Lorenzo Ghiberti entered a competition to create a set of new bronze doors for the baptistery of the cathedral. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1406 |
The Signoria of Florence decreed that the city’s 12 guilds had 10 years to fulfil their obligations to decorate an exterior niche of the Orsanmichele guild center. Links: Italy, Florence
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1416 |
Nanni di Banco, guild member of the Masters of Stone and Wood, installed his “Four Crowned Martyr Saints” at the Orsanmichele guild center. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1417 |
Donatello used central point perspective in his scene of St. George fighting the dragon. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1421 |
The Republic of Florence passed a law giving Brunelleschi what is thought to be the first true patent of an invention. The first recorded patent was granted for a barge with hoisting gear used to transport marble. Links: Italy, Technology, Florence, Patent
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1423 |
Ghiberti’s sculpture of St. Matthew was installed at the Orsanmichele guild center in Florence. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1425 |
Donatello created his hollow bronze statue of St. Louis of Toulouse. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1472 Mar 28 |
Fra Bartolommeo (d.1517), Florentine Renaissance painter, was born. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1476 Apr 26 |
Simonetta Vespucci (b.~1453), nicknamed la bella Simonetta, died. She was an Italian Renaissance noblewoman from Genoa, the wife of Marco Vespucci of Florence. She also is alleged to have been the mistress of Giuliano de' Medici, Lorenzo the Magnificent's younger brother. She was renowned for being the greatest beauty of her age - certainly of the city of Florence. Links: Italy, Women, Florence
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1489 |
Giuliano da Sangallo made his wooden model of the Strozzi palace in Florence. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1494 May 25 |
Jacopo Pontormo (d.1557), Italian painter (Sepulture of Christ), was born. He represented what Vasari called the terza maniera, the third or modern manner of painting. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1494 Nov 17 |
Charles VIII (1470-1498) of France entered Florence, Italy, to press his claim to the Kingdom of Naples. The First Italian War pitted Charles VIII of France, who had initial Milanese aid, against the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and an alliance of Italian powers led by Pope Alexander VI. Links: Italy, France, Holy Roman Empire, Florence
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1494 |
In Italy humanist philosopher Giovanni Pico della Mirandola and writer Angelo Ambrogini, better known as Poliziano, both died. In 2007 their bodies were exhumed from Florence's St. Mark's Basilica. The men were thought to be lovers. Both Pico and Poliziano tutored Lorenzo de Medici's son Giovanni, who as Pope Leo X helped make Rome a cultural center of Renaissance Europe. Links: Italy, Vatican, Florence
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1497 Feb 7 |
Followers of the priest Girolamo Savonarola collected and publicly burned thousands of objects in Florence, Italy, on the Shrove Tuesday festival. Tom Wolfe's 1997 novel, “The Bonfire of the Vanities,” makes reference to the original event, but is not a retelling of the story. Links: Italy, Fire, Florence
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1497 May 13 |
Pope Alexander VI excommunicated Girolamo Savonarola for heresy. In Florence the Dominican monk Girolamo Savonarola (1452-1498) had led the burning of musical instruments, books and priceless works of art. He preached against corruption in the Church and civil government. Links: Italy, Vatican, Corruption, Florence
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1498 May 23 |
Girolamo Savonarola (45), moral scourge of Florence (1494-98), was hanged. An enraged crowd burned Girolamo Savonarola at the same spot where he ordered cultural works burned the year before. Links: Italy, Florence
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1498 May 23 |
The body of Girolamo Savonarola (45), moral scourge of Florence (1494-98), was burned along with 2 Dominican companions. An enraged crowd burned the previously hanged body of Savonarola at the same spot where he had ordered cultural works burned the year before. In 2006 Lauro Martines authored “Fire in the City,” an account of Savonarola’s life. Links: Italy, Fire, Florence
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1505 |
Leonardo da Vinci painted “The Battle of Anghiari” on a wall in Florence’s Palazzo Vecchio. It commemorated a victory of Florentine forces over the ruling Medici. In 1563 the Medici, having regained power, hired Giorgio Vasari to cover up Leonardo’s work with a painting celebrating one of their own martial successes. It was later thought that Vasari hid the original behind his new work. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1517 Oct 6 |
Fra Bartolommeo (b.1472), Florentine Renaissance painter, died. He was a Dominican monk nicknamed Baccio della Porta. His work included a portrait of Savonarola. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1522 Apr 12 |
Florentine artist Piero di Cosimo (b.1462), aka Piero di Lorenzo, died of plague. His work included “Cart of Death.” Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1530 Sep |
Andrea del Sarto (b.1486), Italian painter, died in Florence about this time during an outbreak of Bubonic Plague. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1530 |
Florence, Italy, held the first lottery, La Lotto de Firenze. It was followed by similar drawings in Genoa and Venice to raise funds for various public projects. Links: Italy, Games, Florence
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1537 Jan 6 |
Alessandro de' Medici (b.1510), Italian monarch of Florence, was assassinated by the villain Scoronconcolo, hired by his cousin Lorenzino (d.1548). This event was commemorated in the bust Brutus by Michelangelo. Cosimo I (18) came to power following the murder of Alessandro. In 2016 Catherine Fletcher authored “The Black Prince of Florence.” Links: Italy, Murder, Books, Florence
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1539 |
Cosimo I de’ Medici (1519-1574), Duke of Florence, married Eleonora (1522-1562), daughter of the Spanish viceroy of Naples. Their wedding included a musical intermedi, one of the first such interludes for which music survives. Links: Italy, Spain, Florence
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1542 Jul 15 |
In 2007 an expert on the "Mona Lisa" says he had ascertained with certainty that Lisa Gherardini (b.1479), the symbol of feminine mystique, died on this day, and was buried at the Sant'Orsola convent in central Florence where she spent her final days. Links: Italy, Florence
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1548 Feb 26 |
Lorenzino de' Medici (b.1514), an Italian writer, was assassinated. He is remembered primarily as the assassin of Alessandro de' Medici, duke and ruler of Florence. Links: Italy, Florence
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1556 Nov 14 |
Giovanni Della Costa (b.1503), Florentine poet, writer on etiquette and society, diplomat, and inquisitor, died. He is celebrated for his famous treatise on polite behavior, Il Galateo overo de’ costumi (1558). Links: Italy, Poet, Florence
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1557 Jan 2 |
Jacopo da Pontormo (b.1494), aka Jacopo Carucci, died. He was an Italian Mannerist painter and portraitist from the Florentine School. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1563 |
Francesco Salviati (b.1510), Italian Mannerist painter from Florence, died. His work included frescoes on the walls of the Palazzo Farnese. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1565 |
The Vasari corridor was built in Florence to connect the Pitti Palace with the Uffizi Gallery. In 1664 Leopoldo de Medici began a collection of artists’ self-portraits and housed them in the corridor. Links: Artist, Italy, Florence
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1572 Nov 23 |
Agnolo di Cosimo (b.1503), Italian Renaissance painter and poet (aka Bronzino), died. He had worked as the court artist to Cosimo de’ Medici, Duke of Florence. His work included a portrait of "Eleonora of Toledo and her son." Links: Artist, Italy, Florence, Renaissance
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1600 |
A sculptor, later known as Furienmeister (master of the furies), worked in Florence, Vienna and perhaps Dresden about this time. In 2006 only about 25 works were attributed to the artist who carved in ivory. Links: Artist, Florence
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1737 Jul 9 |
Gian Gastone b.1671), the last Medici to rule Tuscany, died. With his death Florence ended its era as an independent state. Tuscany fell to Francis of Lorraine (later Holy Roman Emperor Francis I), husband of Maria Theresa of Austria, in exchange for Lorraine, which went to Stanislaus I of Poland. Links: Italy, Poland, Holy Roman Empire, Florence
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1966 Nov 4 |
In Florence, Italy the River Arno overflowed and damaged the Uffizi Gallery. Whole libraries of valuable ancient documents were soaked. 33 people died in the flood and blame fell principally on Enel, Italy’s largest power company. In 2008 Robert Clark authored “Dark Water: Flood and Redemption in the City of Masterpieces.” Links: Italy, Florence, Flood
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2009 May 7 |
In Italy Jonathan Robert Hindenach (24) of Charlotte, Michigan, killing an Italian man in Florence. He had consumed drugs and alcohol before slaying Riccardo Nistri (62). Links: Italy, Murder, Michigan, Florence
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2022 Mar 12 |
In Italy thousands of people packed into one of Florence's biggest squares to show their support for Ukraine and listen to a videoed speech from Pres. Volodymyr Zelenskiy. Links: Italy, Russia, Ukraine, Mad Crowd, Florence
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