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Reptile
Reptile
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245Mil BC |
The ancient reptile Teleocrater rhadinos lived about this time. Fossils discovered in Tanzania in the 1930s showed that it had four sturdy legs and a long neck and tail. It was later identified as the oldest known branch on the lineage that would eventually lead to dinosaurs. Links: HistoryBC, Reptile 
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240Mil BC |
Fossils of Atopodentatus unicus, an aquatic reptile, roamed the seas about this time. It was identified in 2014 from fossils found in the Luoping formation of China’s Yunnan province. Links: China, HistoryBC, Reptile
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210Mil BC |
Scientists in New Mexico in 1947 uncovered fossil rock from this period. In 2005 a close examination revealed that the fossils looked like a 6-foot long, 2-legged dinosaur. It was named Effigia okeeffeae and identified as a reptile, an ancient relative to modern alligators and crocodiles. Links: New Mexico, HistoryBC, Reptile
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208Mil BC 142Mil BC |
The reptile called a Thalattosuchian roamed a tropical environment in Asia about this time. The amphibious creature represents an early milestone in evolutionary history, marking a transition during which these reptiles moved from being semi-aquatic to wholly ocean species. Scientists In 2007 uncovered the remains of the six- to eight-foot-long reptile in Jurassic rock on private property in the Snowshoe Formation of the Izee Terrane, a rock formation in Oregon. The rock-entombed animal migrated eastward via continental drift. Links: Oregon, HistoryBC, Reptile
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170Mil BC |
In 2015 a giant prehistoric reptile that patrolled the waters off Scotland about this time was identified. Scientists named the new species Dearcmhara shawcrossi in honor of Brian Shawcross, an amateur fossil collector who gathered many of the fossils in 1959. Links: Scotland, HistoryBC, Reptile
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160Mil BC |
A flying reptile called Darwinopterus modularis, later discovered in China’s Liaoning province, dated to this time. It was believed to be an example of a flying reptile in transition from a more primitive long tailed form exemplified by Rhamphorhynchus and the tailless creatures typified by Pteranodan. In 2011 the specimen was identified as a female carrying an egg seemingly designed for burial. Links: China, Dinosaur, HistoryBC, Birds, Reptile
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150Mil BC |
In 2006 researchers in Norway announced the discovery of the remains of a short-necked plesiosaur, a prehistoric marine reptile the size of a bus, that they believe is the first complete skeleton ever found. The 150 million year old remains of the 33-foot ocean going predator were found on the remote Svalbard Islands of the Arctic. Researchers in 2008 said it was the biggest of its kind known to science with dagger-like teeth in a mouth large enough to bite a small car. Links: Arctic, Norway, HistoryBC, Reptile
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145Mil BC 65Mil BC |
Researchers in 2009 said fossils from this period, unearthed in what later became the Sahara desert, revealed a once-swampy world divided up among a half-dozen species of unusual and perhaps intelligent crocodiles. They lived during the Cretaceous period, when the continents were closer together and the world warmer and wetter. They were given snappy names, such as: BoarCroc, RatCroc, DogCroc, DuckCroc and PancakeCroc. Links: Egypt, Sudan, HistoryBC, Reptile
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135Mil BC |
A fierce marine crocodile, with a dinosaur head and a fish-like tail, inhabited a vast southern ocean that covered much of what became Argentina. Discovery of a fossil skull with 52 jagged teeth was reported in 2005 for a 12-foot specimen nicknamed “Godzilla” and chico malo.” It was named Dakosaurus andiniensis. Links: Argentina, Dinosaur, HistoryBC, Reptile
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125Mil BC |
In 2004 Canadian geologists reported the discovery of dinosaur tracks and a fossilized turtle shell, estimated to be about 125 million years old, north of Terrace, British Columbia. Links: Canada, Dinosaur, HistoryBC, Reptile
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120Mil BC |
Scientists reported in 2008 that a sparrow-sized pterodactyl, which they named Nemicolopterus crypticus, inhabited China’s Liaoning province about this time. Links: China, HistoryBC, Birds, Reptile
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110Mil BC |
Univ. of Chicago paleontologist Paul Sereno unearthed Kryptops palaios, a short-snouted, hyena-like beast, and Eocarcharia dinops, a shark-toothed, bony-browed killer, during an expedition in the Niger Desert in 2000. The fish-eating, sail-backed Suchomimus or "crocodile mimic," was found in 1997. The animals originally lived in the southern landmass that was known as Gondwana. Links: Niger, Chicago, Dinosaur, HistoryBC, Reptile
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100Mil BC |
A snake, later named Wonambi, emerged in Australia about this time. It was believed to have extinct about 50,000 BC. Links: Australia, HistoryBC, Reptile
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95Mil BC |
About this time birds that were the ancestor of modern birds, evolved an improved sense of smell. In 2011 studies used fossils of Bambiraptor to determine that birds inherited a good sense of smell from dinosaurs, and then improved the faculty. Bambiraptor, dating to this time, was a fast-moving, non-flying critter about the size of a dog. Links: Dinosaur, HistoryBC, Birds, Reptile
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90Mil BC |
The Baurusuchus salgadoensis lived in an area of southeastern Brazil known as the Bauru Basin, some 700 kilometers (450 miles) west of modern-day Rio de Janeiro. The fossilized skeletons appear to be closely related to another ancient crocodile species, the Pabwehshi pakistanesis discovered in Pakistan. Links: Brazil, Reptile
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90Mil BC |
The fossil of a snake that lived in Patagonia at this time was found in 2006 with 2 small rear legs. The snake, under 3 feet long, was named Najash rionegrina. Links: Argentina, HistoryBC, Reptile
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86Mil BC |
In 2022 Argentine scientists discovered a new species of a huge flying reptile (Thanatosdrakon amaru) dubbed "The Dragon of Death" that lived about this time, in a find shedding fresh insight on a predator whose body was as long as a yellow school bus. Links: Argentina, HistoryBC, Reptile
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80Mil BC |
A land-bound reptile, described as a possible link between prehistoric and modern-day crocodiles, roamed arid and hot terrain that became Brazilian countryside about this time. A fossil of Montealtosuchus arrudacamposi was found in 2004 and displayed in 2008. Links: Brazil, HistoryBC, Reptile
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70Mil BC |
A dinosaur species, later (2010) named Kosmoceratops (ornate horned-face), thrived in Utah about this time. It had 15 horns decorating its massive head, giving it the most elaborate dinosaur headdress known to science. Another species in Utah from this time, later (2010) named Utahceratops (Utah horned-face), was roughly 20 feet long and weighed 3 to 4 tons. Links: Utah, Dinosaur, Reptile
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67Mil BC |
In 1987 scientists in India found the fossilized remains of an 11½-foot snake, dating to about this time, coiled around a dinosaur egg. Links: India, Dinosaur, HistoryBC, Reptile
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55Mil BC |
Alligators and palm trees inhabited Wyoming during the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Links: USA, Wyoming, HistoryBC, Reptile
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50Mil BC |
The Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation in southwest Wyoming represents the sedimentary remains of an ancient lake community that dates to this time. Crocodiles inhabited Wyoming. Links: Wyoming, HistoryBC, Reptile
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40Mil BC |
The whale species Basilosaurus (king lizard) isis was discovered in 1904. Paleontologists found bones of this creature in the 1830s in Louisiana. Fossils were found by U of Mich. paleontologist P.D. Gingerich in Egypt in 1989. With tiny hind limbs too weak to support its body on land, Gingerich believes it spent its entire life in the ocean. It reached about 40 feet. Links: Egypt, Reptile
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30Mil BC |
A giant snake, later named Yurlunggur, lived in Australia about this time. In 2006 it was reported fossils of the snake added a link to how snakes descended from dearly lizards. Links: Australia, HistoryBC, Reptile
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7Mil BC |
In 2022 researchers in Peru said a prehistoric crocodile fossil from around 7 million years ago has given paleontologists more clues as to how modern crocodiles, all freshwater creatures in the Andean country, first came to land from the sea. The jawbone was found in Peru's Sacaco desert in 2020. The Sacaco desert at this time was a deep seabed inhabited by whales, giant sharks and crocodiles, among other marine species. Links: Peru, HistoryBC, Reptile
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4Mil BC 2Mil BC |
A crocodile that grew to over 27 feet lived in Kenya during this period. Fossilized remains were reported in 2012. Links: Kenya, HistoryBC, Reptile
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100000 BC 50000 BC |
The 200-pound Genyornis newtoni, an ostrich-like bird, and the 25-foot Megalonia lizard were among the megafauna that flourished in Australia during this period. Links: Australia, Birds, Reptile
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3100 BC 2700 BC |
In Egypt the limestone "Stele of the Serpent King" has a bas-relief of a falcon in profile above a nearly abstract curving stroke of a snake. It is now in the French Louvre. Links: Egypt, Reptile
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2000 BC |
About this time the Egyptians domesticated the cat in order to catch snakes. Advances in astronomy enabled the Egyptians to predict the annual flooding of the Nile. Links: Egypt, Animal, Reptile
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300 BC 200 BC |
Scientists of the Univ. of Calif. Berkeley expedition of 1899 uncovered hundreds of crocodile mummies encased and stuffed with papyrus covered with writings from the ruins of the city of Tebtunis. The site dated from the 3rd century BCE when Ptolemy the Great ruled Egypt. Links: Egypt, Reptile
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1590 |
Bernard Pallissy (b.1510), French ceramicist, painter and writer, died. Pallisy produced his designs by attaching casts of dead lizards, snakes, and shellfish to traditional ceramic forms such as basins, ewers, and plates. He then painted these wares in blue, green, purple, and brown, and glazed them with runny lead-based glaze to increase their watery realism. The style became known as Pallisy ware. Links: Artist, France, Writer, Ceramics, Reptile
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1767 |
British explorer Jonathan Carver described petroglyph images of snakes and buffalo near a cave at bluffs in Minnesota called Wakan Tipi by the Dakota people. The area later became part of St. Paul. Links: Britain, Minnesota, AmerIndian, Explorer, Reptile
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1789 |
Rev. Gilbert White (1720-1793) authored “The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, in the County of Southampton.” One chapter was about a local tortoise named Timothy. In 2006 Verlyn Klinkenborg authored “Timothy; Or, Notes Of an Abject Reptile,” a look at the parson from the point of view of the tortoise. Links: Britain, Writer, Reptile
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1825 Jan 1 |
Dr. Gideon Mantell presented his paper “Notice on the Iguanodon” to members of England’s Philosophical Society. His paper linked the large hypothetical “Sussex lizard” to a modern species of reptile. This work led to his induction to the Royal Society on Dec 25, 1825. Links: Britain, Dinosaur, Reptile
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1838 |
Dr. Gideon Mantell published his book “The Wonders of Geology” with a dramatic illustration of “The Country of the Iguanadon,” depicting the plant-eating reptile under attack by the carnivorous Megalosaurus. Links: Britain, Dinosaur, Books, Reptile
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1899 |
Scientists of the Univ. of Calif. Berkeley expedition uncovered hundreds of crocodile mummies encased and stuffed with papyrus covered with writings from the ruins of the city of Tebtunis. The site dated from the 3rd century BCE when Ptolemy the Great ruled Egypt. Links: Egypt, Reptile
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1913 Jul 7 |
In the SF Bay Area a fire raged on Mount Tamalpais. Hundreds of rattlesnakes were driven down the slopes by the fire. Links: USA, SF Bay Area, Reptile
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1945 Feb 19 |
On Ramree Island off the coast of old Burma, some 900 Japanese soldiers retreated from British soldiers into an alligator filled swamp. Only about 20 men survived. Links: Britain, Japan, Reptile
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1958 |
A rattlesnake roundup began in Seetwater, Texas, for ranchers concerned about rattlesnakes biting their cattle. It grew to become the world’s largest such event. Links: USA, Texas, Reptile
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1971 |
Hunting crocodiles, aka "salties," was banned in the Northern Territory. Links: Australia, Reptile
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1971 |
Jamaica began protecting crocodiles by law. By 2013 a growing taste for crocodile meat and even eggs had conservationists worried that the reptiles might be wiped from the wild altogether. Links: Jamaica, Reptile
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1975 |
The American crocodile was listed as an endangered species when only 20 breeding females were counted in Florida. The crocodile is distinguished from the alligator by its more tapered snout. Links: USA, Florida, Reptile
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1975 |
In Texas the fossils of a huge prehistoric flying reptile with a wingspan of 50 ft. were found. Links: USA, Texas, Reptile
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1980 |
In Brazil the TAMAR project to protect sea turtles was begun by Maria and Guy Marcovaldi. Links: Brazil, Environment, Reptile
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1980 |
Indonesia established Komodo National Park to help protect the predatory Komodo dragons, a type of lizard that can grow to 10 feet. The park was named a World Heritage Site in 1991. Links: Indonesia, Reptile
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1988 Jun 6 |
In NYC 2 large snapping turtles were found in a Bronx sewage plant. Links: USA, NYC, Reptile
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1990 |
A study by the US National Academy of Sciences indicated that shrimp fishing was responsible for the death of some 50,000 sea turtles in US waters each year. Links: USA, Fish, Reptile
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1991 |
Diane Ackerman published her personal experiences with bats, alligator, whales and penguins, while accompanied by a world expert on each animal: "The Moon by Whale Light." Links: USA, Animal, Books, Reptile
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1991 |
India banned shows featuring live snakes, but the shows persisted as snake charmers continued their performances. Links: India, Theater, Reptile
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1996 Jul 4 |
Koko, the first gorilla to use sign language, turned 25 and asked for a box of scary, rubber snakes and lizards. Links: Primates, Language, Reptile
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1996 Jul 13 |
Tehran, Iran, was invaded by thousands of lizards and snakes over the past three months. Military exercises nearby or rising levels of groundwater have been cited as possible reasons. Links: , Iran, Reptile
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1997 Nov 15 |
In Ethiopia it was reported that storms over the past three weeks have killed at least 1000 people here and in Somalia and left some 100,000 families displaced and in competition with crocodiles and hippos for dry land. The overflowing Juba and the Shabelle Rivers originate in Ethiopia. The Juba had become 8 miles wide at some points. Links: Ethiopia, Somalia, WeatherAfrica, Reptile
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1998 Sep 15 |
In the Galapagos Islands the Cerro Azul volcano on Isabela Island began erupt-ing and threatened turtle colonies. Links: Ecuador, Volcano, Reptile
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1998 Oct 12 |
An American law protecting sea turtles was overturned by an appeals panel of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Links: USA, Environment, Animal, WTO, Reptile
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1999 |
On Guam a new strategy to control the brown tree snakes used aspirin, toxic to the snakes, inserted into frozen baby mice. Links: USA, Guam, Marianas, Reptile
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2000 |
Mona Khalil (60) founded The Orange House Project to protect sea turtles on the south Lebanon beach in el Mansouri from predators, pollution and encroaching humans. Her activism was responsible for banning dynamite fishing in the area, which resulted in her house being shot at and attempts to burn her farm down. Links: Lebanon, Reptile
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2005 Apr 15 |
It was reported that paleontologists have identified a new dinosaur species, an early relative of Tyrannosaurus rex that probably roamed what is now the Southeastern US about 77 million years ago. The scientists made the identification from hundreds of fossilized fragments collected mostly in Montgomery County, Ala., and southwestern Georgia. They named the new dinosaur Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis, which means "the Appalachian lizard from Montgomery County." The 25-foot-long creature roamed the earth 10 million years before T. rex and was smaller and more primitive, with a narrower snout. Links: Georgia, Alabama, Dinosaur, Reptile
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2005 Aug 16 |
It was reported that scientists in Australia's tropical north are collecting blood from crocodiles in the hope of developing a powerful antimicrobial drugs for humans, after tests showed that the reptile's immune system kills HIV. Links: Australia, Medical, AIDS, Reptile
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2005 Sep 8 |
A UN agency said a plague of rats caused by snake hunting is threatening thousands of Miskito Indians with famine in a remote corner of Nicaragua's jungle, while vampire bats are raising concerns about rabies. The rat population has boomed in Miskito territories as people hunt more snakes, the rats' natural predator, for food and for their skins. Links: Nicaragua, UN, Animal, Reptile
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2005 Oct |
Wildlife researchers with the South Florida Natural Resources Center found a dead, headless python after it apparently tried to digest a 6-foot-long (2-meter-long) American alligator. The mostly intact dead gator was found sticking out of a hole in the midsection of the python, and wads of gator skin were found in the snake's gastrointestinal tract. Links: USA, Florida, Reptile
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