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Yugoslavia
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1867 |
Sam’s Grill at 374 Bush St. opened in SF, Cal. It was operated as an oyster bar by Irish immigrant Michael Bolan Moraghan. In 1922 Sam Zenovich of Yugoslavia bought the operation and it became known as Sam’s. The Seput family, originally from Yugoslavia, bought it in 1937 and in 2005 sold it to Phil Lyons. Links: Ireland, SF, Yugoslavia 
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1892 May 7 |
Josip Broz Tito, leader of Yugoslavia (1943-80), was born. Links: Yugoslavia
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1903 Jun 11 |
King Alexander and Queen Draga of Belgrade were assassinated by 28 members of the Serbian army. The remains of their corpses were thrown out of a palace window. Peter Karageorgevic was later elected to replace him. Links: Serbia, Yugoslavia
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1912 |
A small Balkan War broke out and was quelled by the major powers. Albanian nationalism spurred repeated revolts against Turkish dominion and resulted in the First Balkan War in which the Turks were driven out of much of the Balkan Peninsula. Links: Bosnia, Yugoslavia
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1913 May 30 |
Conclusion of the First Balkan War. The Treaty of London ended First Balkan War, and the Second Balkan War began. Links: Albania, Bosnia, Yugoslavia
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1915 Oct 9 |
Belgrade, Serbia, surrendered to Central leaders. Links: Yugoslavia
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1917 Jul 20 |
The Pact of Corfu was signed between the Serbs, Croats & Slovenes to form Yugoslavia. [see Dec 1, 1918] Links: Croatia, Yugoslavia
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1918 Oct 17 |
Yugoslavia proclaimed itself a republic. Links: Yugoslavia
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1918 Oct 29 |
The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was proclaimed. The new state aspired to include all those territories of the former Austria-Hungary that were inhabited by Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. The state later became Yugoslavia. Links: Austria, Hungary, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Yugoslavia
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1918 Nov 1 |
Yugoslav battleship Viribus Unitis was sunk by Italians. Links: Yugoslavia
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1918 Dec 1 |
The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was formed and was ruled by the Serbian Karageorgevic dynasty. It included the previously independent kingdoms of Serbia and Macedonia, the Hungarian-controlled regions of Croatia and Slovenia, the Austrian province of Dalmatia, Carniola and parts of Styria, Carinthia and Istria. King Alexander I renamed the Balkan state called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes to Yugoslavia in 1929. Links: Croatia, Yugoslavia
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1918 Dec 1 |
The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes [later in 1929 to be called Yugoslavia] was proclaimed by Alexander Karadjordjevic, the son of King Peter of Serbia. It included the previously independent kingdoms of Serbia and Macedonia, the Hungarian-controlled regions of Croatia and Slovenia, the Austrian province of Dalmatia, Carniola and parts of Styria, Carinthia and Istria. King Alexander I renamed the Balkan state called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes to Yugoslavia in 1929. Links: Austria, Hungary, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Yugoslavia, North Macedonia
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1918 Dec |
Albanian leaders met at Durrës to discuss Albania's interests at the Paris Peace Conference. When World War I ended the Italian armies occupied most of Albania, and Serbian, Greek and French armies occupied the remainder. Italian and Yugoslav powers began a struggle for dominance over Albanians. Links: Albania, Italy, Yugoslavia
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1918 |
Kosovo became part of the newly created Yugoslavia and was dominated by a Serbian monarchy until WW II. Links: Albania, Yugoslavia
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1919 Oct 3 |
The Serbian, Croatian & Slavic (Yugoslavia) parliament agreed on an 8 hr work day. Links: Croatia, Yugoslavia
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1921 Nov |
Yugoslav troops invaded Albania; The League of Nations commission forced Yugoslav withdrawal and reaffirmed Albania's 1913 borders. Links: Albania, Yugoslavia
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1923 Jun 27 |
Yugoslav Premier Nikola Pachitch was wounded by Serb attackers in Belgrade. Links: Yugoslavia
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1923 Sep 10 |
In response to a dispute with Yugoslavia, Mussolini mobilized Italian troops on Serb front. Links: Yugoslavia
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1925 Mar 30 |
Stalin supported rights of non-Serbian Yugoslavians. Links: Yugoslavia
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1926 Dec 10 |
Nikola Pasic (b.1845), a Serbian and Yugoslav politician and diplomat, died. He served several times PM of the Kingdom of Serbia (1891–92, 1904–05, 1906–08, 1909–11, 1912–18) and PM of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918, 1921–24, 1924–26). Links: Serbia, Yugoslavia
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1927 Oct 28 |
Josip Broz (Tito) began a 7 months jail sentence in Croatia. Links: Croatia, Yugoslavia
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1928 Oct 6 |
In Yugoslavia Josip Broz (Tito) was sentenced to 5 years in jail. Links: Yugoslavia
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1929 Oct 3 |
The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes formally changed its name to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Links: Austria, Bosnia, Croatia, Yugoslavia More
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1934 Mar 12 |
Josip Broz (Tito of Yugoslavia) was freed from jail. Links: Yugoslavia
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1934 Oct 9 |
In Marseilles, a Macedonian revolutionary associated with Croat terrorists in Hungary assassinated King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou. The two had been on a tour of European capitals in quest of an alliance against Nazi Germany. The assassinations brought the threat of war between Yugoslavia and Hungary, but confrontation was prevented by the League of Nations. 2 newsreel cameramen captured the assassination on film Links: Yugoslavia
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1934 |
In Yugoslavia after the assassination of King Alexander Father Momcilo Djujic met with Kosta Pecanac, president of the Chetnik movement and went on to form 11 Chetnik bands in his native Tromedja region. Links: Yugoslavia
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1939 1945 |
During WW II Dr. Drachkovitch (1922-1996) fought the Nazis in Yugoslavia as part of the Chetnik resistance movement. He came to the US in 1958 and became a leading Serbian intellectual figure and Hoover Institute scholar. Links: Yugoslavia
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1940 |
Rebecca West authored “Black Lamb and Grey Falcon,” an account of her travels in Yugoslavia beginning in 1936. Links: Yugoslavia
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1941 Mar 20 |
Nazi German-Yugoslav pact was drawn. Links: Yugoslavia
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1941 Mar 25 |
Yugoslavia joined the Axis powers. Links: Yugoslavia
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1941 Mar 26 |
In Yugoslavia the pro-Axis Prince Paul was toppled in a palace revolution in Belgrade and Prince Peter was put in as head of state. Links: Yugoslavia
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1941 Mar 27 |
Hitler signed Directive 27 for an assault on Yugoslavia. Links: Yugoslavia
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1941 Apr 6 |
German troops invaded Yugoslavia and Greece. Italian and Albanian forces attacked and jointly occupied Yugoslavia. Germany, with support of Italy and other allies defeated Greece and Yugoslavia. Links: Albania, Yugoslavia
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1941 Apr 6 |
German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop gave orders for the attack on Yugoslavia to roll forward. Hitler ordered the Luftwaffe to bomb Belgrade prior to the final drive into the capital. From August 6 to 10, more than 500 bombing sorties were flown against Belgrade, inflicting more than 17,500 fatalities. Most of the government officials fled, and the Yugoslav army began to collapse. German Luftwaffe Marshall Alexander Lohr commanded a surprise air attack on Belgrade and 17,000 died. Lohr was later tried and executed for the bombings. Links: Yugoslavia
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1941 Apr 13 |
German troops captured Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Links: Yugoslavia
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1941 Apr 17 |
Yugoslavia surrendered to Germany ending 11 days of futile resistance against the invading German Wehrmacht. More than 300,000 Yugoslav officers and soldiers were taken prisoner. Italian and Albanian forces attacked and jointly occupied Yugoslavia. Links: Albania, Yugoslavia
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1941 Jul 4 |
Politburo of Yugoslav communist party reorganized. Links: Yugoslavia
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1941 Oct |
Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav communist leader, directed the organizing of Albanian communists. Links: Albania, Yugoslavia
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1941 Nov 1 |
Chetniks attacked Tito's partisans in Uzice, Yugoslavia. Links: Yugoslavia
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1941 1942 |
Some 97% of the Gottscheers were moved north within Slovenia from the area of Kocevje to Rann (later Brezice). Their peak population numbered some 25,000. They were driven out of their new homes by Yugoslav partisans after which they wound up in Austria and then dispersed around the world. Links: Yugoslavia
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1941 |
British writer Rebecca West, pen name for Cicely Isabel Fairfield (1892-1983), authored “Black Lamb and Grey Falcon,” on the history and culture of Yugoslavia. Links: Britain, Writer, Yugoslavia, Books
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1941 |
Andrija Artukovic (1899-1988) was named the Minister of the Interior in the newly-formed NDH. He was closely involved in the mass murder of Serbs, Jews, Roma, and other minorities, and the opening of concentration camps such as Jasenovac. His close associate was propagandist Savić Marković Štedimlija, a publicist of Montenegrin descent. Links: Serbia, Croatia, Jews, Yugoslavia, Gypsies, WWII
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1941 1945 |
Some 1600-2000 German soldiers were killed in Montenegro in clashes with Yugoslav communist partisans during WWII. Links: Germany, Montenegro, Yugoslavia, WWII
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1942 Jan 23 |
At Novi Sad, Serbia, some 1200 people (predominantly Jewish), rounded up over a period of three days, were shot along the shores of the Danube. Their bodies were dumped into the frozen waters. Sandor Kepiro (1914-2011), a Hungarian gendarmerie officer, participated in the mass murder. In 1944 he was sentenced to 10 years in prison for his part in the atrocities, but conviction was later annulled. Kepiro, who was at the top of the Simon Wiesenthal Center's most-wanted war criminals list, returned to Hungary in 1996 after living for decades in Argentina. In 2011 Kepiro (96) was charged with war crimes in the slaughter, but was cleared by a court on July 18, 2011. Links: Hungary, Serbia, Jews, Yugoslavia, Massacre
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1942 Jun |
In Yugoslavia Momcilo Djujic (d.1999 at 92), warrior-priest, was conferred the title of "vojvoda" by Gen'l. Dragoljub "Draza" Mihailovic, commander of the royalist Chetniks, for bravery and devotion to the Orthodox Church and the exiled monarchy. Links: Yugoslavia
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1942 |
Robert St. John (1902-2003), American war journalist, authored “From the Land of Silent People,” an account of his war experiences in the Balkans. Links: Yugoslavia
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1943 Nov 29 |
In Yugoslavia partisan Tito formed a temporary government in Jajce, Bosnia. Links: Yugoslavia
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1943 |
Fitzroy Maclean parachuted into German-occupied Yugoslavia as Brigadier commanding the British Military Mission to the Tito partisans. He later wrote his memoir: "Eastern Approaches" that described his 2-years there. Links: Yugoslavia
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1943 1947 |
Thousands of Italians were killed by Yugoslav partisans in and around the Istrian peninsula, which had fallen to Italy after the 1st world war. Mussolini’s fascists had brutally Italianized the peninsula prior to the arrival of the partisans. Links: Yugoslavia
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1944 May 25 |
In Yugoslavia partisan leader Tito escaped the Germans surrounding Bosnia. Links: Yugoslavia
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1944 Aug 2 |
Foundations were laid for establishing the republic of Macedonia within the former Yugoslavia. Links: Macedonia, Yugoslavia
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1944 Aug 9 |
The Halyard Mission began rescuing over 500 bomber fliers shot down over Serbia. This mission was a combined project of the American Strategic Services (OSS - precursor of the CIA) under the command of General William J. Donovan, Lt. George (Guv) S. Musulin, of the OSS and an American of Serbian descent, and General Draza Mihailovich and his Serbian chetnik freedom fighters in the former Yugoslavia. In 2007 Gregory A Freeman authored “The Forgotten 500: The Untold Story of the Men Who risked All for the Greatest Rescue Mission of World War II.” Links: USA, Serbia, Yugoslavia, WWII
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1944 Aug 12 |
British Prime Minister Churchill and Yugoslav partisan leader Tito met in Naples. Links: Yugoslavia
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1944 Oct 20 |
The Yugoslav cities of Belgrade and Dubrovnik were liberated during World War II. Russian and Yugoslavian troops were freed. Links: Yugoslavia
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1945 Mar 7 |
In Yugoslavia the Communist government of Tito formed. Links: Yugoslavia
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1945 May 2 |
German Army in Italy surrendered. Links: Yugoslavia
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1945 May 2 |
Yugoslav troops occupied Trieste. Links: Yugoslavia
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1945 May 1945 Jun |
The graves of some 1,000 Croatian soldiers killed at this time were found in 1999 near Maribor in eastern Slovenia. Another 6-7,000 bodies were believed to be buried in the area. Slovenia, which during the war was occupied by Italy and Germany, became a killing field, as thousands in the newly formed Yugoslavia, including Germans, Italians, Hungarians, Croatians, and Serbs, tried to escape to Austria. The Slovene government began listing "concealed graves" in 2003. By 2010 officials had a list of about 600 suspected graves, at least one in each community, amounting to perhaps 100,000 bodies. Links: Slovenia, Croatia, Yugoslavia, WWII
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1945 May |
Tens of thousands of Croatians, mostly pro-fascist soldiers, fled to southern Austria amid a Yugoslav army offensive, only to be turned back by the British military and into the hands of revengeful anti-fascists. Thousands of the so-called Ustashas were killed in and around Bleiburg. The massacre was seen by historians as revenge by the victorious communist partisan fighters. Links: Austria, Croatia, Yugoslavia, Massacre
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1945 Dec 22 |
The U.S. recognized Tito's government in Yugoslavia. Links: Yugoslavia
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